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最新托福词汇研究（全记录)
寄托天下
aback ad.向后;逆帆 [A, BACK]
abaft ad.prep.在船尾;在...之后 [A + -baft <OE<BY+behind]
abandon v.放弃;放纵;遗弃 [ME<OF abandoner<under
control ult<LL bannus, -
um BAN]
abase v.降低;贬抑 [A-, baissier to lower ult<LL bassus
short of
stature): infl by] BASE
abash v.使局促不安 [bash; unabashed]
abate v.减少;减轻 [rebate 将<已付金额的一部分>予以折扣,回扣,退还]
abbey n.大修道院; 大教堂 [Abba上帝 abbacy 男修道院长(abbot)之职务(辖区,任
期) abbess 女修道院院长;尼庵住持]
abbreviation n.缩短;缩写 [brevity 短暂;简短]
abdicate v.放弃权利;让位 [AB-, dicare declare]
abdomen n.腹;下腹 [abdominal adj.]
abduct v.绑架;拐走 [viaduct陆桥,高架桥 (道路,铁路)(<L. VIA(道)和
aqueDUCT
(水道)的混合语]
abed ad.在床上 [A, BED ill(sick)~病卧床上 lie~躺在床上]
aberration n.离开正路;脱离常轨 [errant 错误的,偏离的;游历的;遍历危险的]
abet v.教唆;唆使 [bait(装于钓)上或陷阱中的钩饵]
abeyance n.中止;暂搁 [<OF abeer<to + beer<medL
batare gape(因惊讶或赞许而)
张口]
abhor v.憎恨;厌恶 [horrible]
abide v.容忍;忍受 [abide by 遵守<规则、法令、决定等>]
abject a.可怜的;卑鄙的 [reject]
abjure v.发誓断绝;公开放弃 [jurare; purjury]
ablution n.沐浴 [antediluvian 诺亚(Noah)洪水前的;太古的;过时的
(cf
deluge)]
abnegate v.放弃权利;舍弃;戒禁快乐 [AB-, negare deny]
abnormal a.不正常的;变态的 [earlier and F anormal, anomal<Gk
anomalos
ANOMALOUS, assoc with L abnormis: ABNORMITY]
abode n.住所 [verbal noun of ABIDE: cf. ride, rode,
road]
abolition n.废除;革除 [abolish]
abominate v.痛恨;痛恶 [ominous (omen 的形容词)不祥的;凶兆的]
aboriginal a.原始的;土著的 [ab+origin+al]
abortive a.失败的;无意的 [oriental; abort]
abound v.充满;富于 [abundant]
abrade v.摩擦;磨掉 [erase; abrasion (abrade的名词)(岩石的)剥蚀;(机械的)磨
损]
abridge v.缩短;删节 [ME<OF abreg(i)er<LL abbreviare
ABBREVIATE]
abrogate v.废止;取消 [interogative rogation (常 ~s)(基督教)(耶稣升天节前三
天做的)祷告 rogatory 请求的;要求的]
abrupt a.突然的;意外的 [ab+rupt=rumpere]
abscond v.潜逃 [condiments 调味料(seasoning) (芥茉、胡椒等)]
absolve v.赦免;解除 [solution]
abstain v.戒除;禁绝 [tenere]
abstemious a.饮食有度;有节制的 [temetum]
abstinence n.禁食 [abs+tinence ABSTINENT]
abstracted a.心不在焉的 [intractable; abstract]
abstruse a.深奥的 [intrusion]
absurd a.不合理的;荒唐的 [AB-, surdus deaf, dull]
abundant a.丰富的;富裕的 [ME<OF abundance<L abundantia
ABOUND]
abuse v.乱用;妄用 [ab+use disabuse 解除某人的迷惑;使醒悟]
abut v.紧邻;接靠 [a+but]
abyss n.深渊;地狱 [<Gk abussos bottomless A-, bussos
depth]
accede v.同意 [ac+cede]
accelerate v.加速进行 [ac+celer+ate;concede]
accentuate v.重读;强调 [ac+cent=cant+uate;ACCENT;cantata(音乐)清唱剧]
accessible a.易接近的;易受影响的 [accessible or LL accessibilis;
ACCEDE;
access]
accessory n.附件;从犯 [ac+ces+sory;ACCEDE]
accidental a.偶然的;意外的 [E<LL accidentalis(ACCIDENT)]
acclaim v.欢呼;喝采 [ac+claim=clamare;clamorous吵闹的,喧嚷的;
acclamation]
acclimate v.适应于新环境 [ac+climate CLIMATE acclamation]
acclivity n.向上的陡坡 [ac+cliv+ity proclivity]
accolade n.赞美;赏赐 [ac+col=collum+ade; collar]
accommodate v.供应;容纳 [ac+commodus; accommodating]
accomplice n.共犯;帮凶 [ME and F complice(prob by assoc
with
ACCOMPANY),<LL complex complicis confederate:
cf] [COMPLICATE]
accord n.一致;符合 [ac+cord=cordis heart]
accost v.打招呼 [ac+cost=costa rib COAST]
accoutre v.供给服装;装备 [ac+coutre couture 女装业;女装设计师
couturier 女
装设计师]
accredit v.相信;任命;归功于... [ac+cre+dit CREDIT]
accretion n.增大;添加 [ac+cret+tion accrue ACCRETE 生长;增大;合生]
accrue v.自然增加 [ac+crue增加]
accumulate v.积聚 [ac+cumul=cumulus堆积+ate]
accuse v.控告;归咎 [ac+cuse=CAUSE]
acephalous a.无头的 [a+cephal=kephale头+ous]
acerbity n.尖酸的言语或态度 [acerb尖,酸+ity acerbic尖刻的]
acetic a.酸的 [ace=acetum醋+ic]
achromatic a.无色的;消色的 [A-, CHROMATIC]
acidulous a.微酸的;克薄的 [acid酸+ulous多的]
acknowledge v.承认 [ac+KNOWLEDGE]
acme n.顶点;极至 [Gk, = highest point]
acoustics n.声学;传音性 [acoustic 听觉的;有关声音的]
acquaint v.告之;使熟悉 [ac+quiant知道=cognit come to know
ACQUAINTANCE 熟
人]
acquiescence n.默许的;顺从的 [ac+quiesce安静+nce;aquiescent顺从的
quiescent静止的]
acquisition n.获得;得到 [ACQUIRE acquisitive 贪得的;物质欲重的
requisite
必须品 acquisitiveness 渴望占有]
acquittal n.开释
acrid a.辛辣的;尖刻的 [irreg<L acer acris keen+-ID,
prob after acid]
acrimonious a.尖酸的 [ACRIMONY 尖刻;剧烈]
acrophobia n.高处恐怖症 [acro=akron+PHOBIA]
activate v.使活动
actuarial a.保险统计(员)的 [ACTUAL actuary 保险公司计算员;法庭记录(员)
actuate 激励]
actuate v.激励;促使 [ACTUAL]
acuminate a.锐利的;有尖头的 [L acuminatus pointed: ACUMEN]
acute a.灵敏的;急性的 [L acutus pp. of acuere sharpen<acus
needle]
adage n.格言 [adagium ad+age]
adamant a.坚定不移的;固执的 [a+damant=daamao驯服]
adapt v.使适合 [ad+apt=aptus适合 adaptable有适应能力的 aptitude能力]
addendum n.补遗;追加物 [L, gerundive of addere ADD]
addiction n.沉迷;热中 [ADDICT ad+dict;addictive 使人上瘾的]
additive a.添加剂 [LL additivus: ADD]
addle a.混乱的;糊涂的 [addled头脑混乱的]
adduce v.引证;举出 [induce引诱]
adept a.老练的 [ad+ept能力 adopt 收养; adapt 适应]
adhere v.附着;坚持 [ad+here=haerere粘;adherent 拥护者,党徒]
adhibit v.容...进入;贴标签;采用 [AD-, habere have]
adipose a.多脂肪的 [同adeps adipis 胖的]
adjacent a.邻接的 [ad+jacent=jacere躺]
adjoin v.邻接;毗连 [AD-, jungere join]
adjourn v.延期;休会 [The court ~ed from Friday until
Monday.]
adjudge v.判决;审查并颁给奖赏 [ME <OF ajuger <L adjudicare:
ADJUDICATE]
adjudicate v.判决;宣判;裁定 [ad+judic=judicare to judge;
judicious明智的]
adjunct n.附属物;助手 [ad+ju
antibiotic n.抗生素;抗菌的 [<F antibiotique; ANTI-,GK
biotikos适合于生命
的 <bios生命]
antibody n.抗体 [anti-BODY]
antic a.古怪的;笨拙的 [antics滑稽的动作 ANTIQUE古董 attic阁楼]
anticipate v.预期;期待 [anticipatory预期的 precipitate加速;沉淀]
anticlimax n.令人泄气的转变 [anti-climax]
antidote n.解毒药 [DOTE老年痴呆 DOSE药剂 overdose药剂过量]
antielectron n.反电子;正电子
antigen n.抗原 [ANTIBODY, -GEN]
antipathy n.憎恶 [<GK antipathes 憎恶; ANTI-, pathos
-eos 感情]
antipodal a.正相反的 [anti+podal]
antiquated a.陈旧的;过时的 [<ANTIQUE antiquity古老,高龄]
antique a.古代的 [F antique or L antiquus, anticus
former, ancient<ante
before]
antiques n.古董
antiquity n.古旧;古代;古代的人 [< L antiquitas -tatis<antiquus:
ANTIQUE]
antiseptic n.消毒剂;防腐剂 [septic 有菌的,感染的]
antisocial a.厌恶社交的 [anti-SOCIAL]
antithesis n.相反;对照;对偶 [Gk antitithemi set against
(ANTI-, tithemi
place)]
antonym n.反义词 [ANTI-, SYNONYM]
anvil n.铁砧 [OE anfilte etc]
apathetic a.冷淡的 [APATHY, after PATHETIC 可怜的;悲惨的;无价值的]
apathy n.冷淡;漠不关心 [F apathie<apathes without feeling<a-
not+pathos
suffering]
aperitif n.开胃酒 [F aperitif<medL aperitivus<L
aperire to
aperture n.孔;开口 [APERITIF开胃酒]
apex n.顶点;最高点 [a+ peak顶峰]
aphorism n.格言;警语 [adage格言 maxim公理,格言]
apiary n.养蜂场;蜂房 [aviary养鸟场 apiculture养蜂业]
apiculture n.养蜂 [L apis bee, after AGRICULTURE]
apiece ad.每人;每个 [cost ten cents ~ 每个一角 A + PIECE]
aplomb n.沉着 [a+plomb 坠垂直线的铅锤 PLUMMET]
apocalyptic a.启示的;天启的 [APOCALYPSE启示,启示录 apogee远地点
ME<OF
ult<Gk apokalupsis<apokalupto uncover, reveal]
apocryphal a.真伪可疑的;作者不明的 [apo远+cryph隐藏+al apocrypha伪经
cryptic隐藏的,秘密的 apocrypha 旁经;伪经]
apogee n.远地点;最高点 [apo远+gee地球 peri-gee近地点 geo-logy地质学
geo=gee]
apologize v.道歉 [apo-log-ize apologetic道歉的;歉意的]
apologue n.寓言 [F apologue <Gk apologos story(APO-,
logos discourse)]
apolune n.远月点 [(月卫轨道最远点;反perilune) APO-+L luna moon,
after
apogee]
apostate n.背教者;脱党者 [APOSTASY叛教,脱党]
apothecary n.药剂师 [apothec= apotheke储藏间+ary]
apothegm n.格言 [apo+the+gm]
apotheosis n.神圣的理想;神化之物 [ap+theos神+is theology神学
deify神化]
appall v.使惊骇 [appallling可怕的]
apparatus n.器具;器官;组织 [L <apparare apparat- make
ready for]
apparel n.精制的衣服 [appar+el;apparent明显的]
apparition n.幽灵 [ME<F apparition or<L apparitio
attendance(APPEAR)]
appeal v.恳请;呼吁 [ME<OF apel, apeler<L appellare
to address]
appease v.抚慰;使平静 [ME<AF apeser, OF apaisier<a
to+pais PEACE]
appellate a.控诉的;上诉的 [L appellatus(APPEAL, -ATE)
appellant n.上诉
人;a.控诉的]
appellation n.称号;名称 [ME<OF<L appellatio -onis(APPEAL,
-ATION)]
append v.附加 [L appendere hang appendage 附加物]
appetence n.欲望;性欲;本能 [F appetence or L appetentia
<appetere seek
after]
appetite n.胃口;食欲 [appetizing开胃的]
applicable a.生效的;适合的 [APPLY]
apposite a.适当的 [L appositus pp. of apponere(AD-,
ponere put)]
appraise v.鉴定 [APPRIZE by assim to PRAISE]
appreciable a.明显的;重要的 [perceptible感觉到的 appreciative
感谢的;赞赏
的]
apprehend v.理解;逮捕;忧惧 [prehensile能抓住的apprehensive
焦虑的;悟性好
的]
apprehension n.挂念;忧虑;逮补 [APPREHEND, -ION]
apprise v.通知 [F appris -ise pp. of apprendre learn,
teach(APPREHEND)]
approachable a.可靠近的;随和的 [reproach指责 reapproach再接近
reproachable
应受责备的]
approbation n.许可;承认 [APPROBATE通过;许可;称赞; -ATION]
appropriate v.拨款 盗用;恰当的 [LL appropriatus pp. of
appropriare(AD-,
proprius own)]
approximate v.近似;近似的 [AD-, proximus very near]
appurtenance n.(土地上)附属物 [APPERTAIN 附属,关系,适合, -ANCE]
apron n.围裙 [ME naperon etc<OF dimin of nape table-cloth<L
mappa: for
loss of n cf ADDER 加者,计算者 = adding] [machine]
apropos ad.恰好地 [F propos<to+propos PURPOSE 目的;计划;意图]
aptitude n.才能;性向 [F<LL aptitudo -inis(APT, -TUDE)apt易于;恰当的]
aquaplane n.滑水板;滑水板游戏 [<L aqua 水 + PLANE]
aquarelle n.水彩画;水彩画法 [<Ita. acquarella= water-colour
水彩; <L aqua
水]
aquatic a.水生的;水中的 [aqueous 水的]
aqueduct n.高驾渠;渡槽 [L aquae ductus conduit<aqua
water + ducere duct-
to lead]
aquiline a.钩状的;似鹰的 [L aquilinus<aquila eagle]
arabesque a.阿拉伯式的 [F<It arabesco<arabo Arab]
arable a.适于耕种的;可开垦的 [F arable or L arabilis<arare
to plough 耕地,
田;北斗七星]
arbiter n.仲裁人 [arbitrator公断人]
arbitrary a.武断的 [L arbitrarius or F arbitraire(ARBITER,
-ARY)arbitrate
仲裁,公断]
arbitrator n.仲裁人;审判者 [ARBITRATION仲裁,公断, arbitrate
仲裁 L
arbitrari judge]
arboreal a.树的;木本的 [L arboreus arboretum 植物园]
arcade n.骑楼 [F<Prov arcada or It arcata<Rmc:
rel to ARCH]
arcane a.神秘的;秘密的 [F arcane or L arcanus<arcere
shut up<arca chest]
archaeology n.考古学 [<Gk arkhaiologia ancient history(ARCHAEAN,
-LOGY)]
archaic a.古代的;已不通用的 [F archaique<Gk arkhaikos(ARCHAEAN)]
archetype n.原形 [L archetypum<Gk arkhetupon(ARCH-,
tupos stamp)]
archipelago n.列岛 [It arcipelago<Gk arkhi- chief+pelagos
sea(orig = the
Aegean Sea)]
archives n.档案;档案保存处
ardent a.热心的;热烈的 [ardor 的形容词 an ~ patriot 满腔热忱的爱国者]
ardor n.热心 [<L."热(度)")with ~ 热心地]
arduous a.费力的;艰巨的 [L arduus steep, difficult]
arena n.竞技场 [L(h)arena sand, sand-strewn place of
combat]
argonaut n.冒险家;投机者;叛徒 [(希腊神话)亚哥号上的人员(与Jason同乘亚哥号
(the Argo)船前往科基斯(Colchis)寻找金羊毛(the] [Golden Fleece)之一行人)]
argot n.暗语 [argosy 大商船;大商
bathos n.比小法;平凡而陈腐风格 [Gk, = depth]
baton n.警棒;指挥棒;接力棒 [F b on, baston ult<LL bastum
stick]
bats a.神经不正常的;怪异的 [<phr. (have) bats in the belfry:
BAT]
batten v.长肥 [ON batna get better<bati advantage]
batter v.n.以物易物;交换
battery n.殴打 [F batterie<batre, battre strike<L
battuere]
battlement n.城墙牒口 [battlemented 有城垛的]
bauble n.美丽而无价值的装饰物 [ME<OF babel child's toy]
bawd n.淫话;鸨母;妓女 [ME <OF baudetrot, baudestroyt
procuress bawdy 淫秽
的]
bawl v.n.大叫;叫卖;叫骂 [medL baulare bark, Icel baula]
bayou n.海湾;支流;河口 [Amer. F: c<Choctau bayuk]
bazaar n.市场;杂货市集;义卖 [Pers bazar, prob through Turk
and It]
beacon n.v.信号塔;警告;照明引导 [OE beacn<WG]
beam n.v.杆;光线;放射;微笑 [OE beam tree<WG]
beat n.a.脉博;独家报导;疲倦的 [OE beatan<Gmc]
beatific a.祝福的 [F beatifique or L beatificus<beatus
blessed]
beatitude n.至上的幸福;至福 [F beatitude or L beatitudo<beatus
blessed]
beaver n.海狸;礼帽;下巴胡子 [work like a beaver勤奋地工作 eager
beaver 勤奋
的人]
bedeck v.装饰 [DECK (~ oneself)打扮,修饰<out>(用)装饰<out>(with);甲板]
bedizen v.俗丽地穿著或装饰 [BE-+obs dizen deck out]
bedlam n.疯狂行为;精神病院 [hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem
in London]
bedraggle v.全身湿透;把衣服拖脏 [BE-+DRAGGLE(在泥中等)拖而弄脏;拖曳;下摆拖
地]
beefy a.健壮的;结实的 [BEEF 牛肉;(人的)肌肉;身体的胖瘦,体重]
beet n.甜菜 [OE bete<L beta, perh of Celt orig]
beetle n.甲虫;木槌
befall v.发生;产生;降临 [BE-, feallan FALL) Evil befell
him. 灾难临到他头
上]
beget v.引起;产生 [OE begietan, formed as BE-+GET =
procreate生育,生殖;产
生]
begrudge v.羡慕;嫉妒 [GRUDGE]
beguile v.欺骗;诱骗 [BE-+obs guile to deceive beguiling欺骗的;消遣的]
behold v.看;(命令式)看呀 [BE-, haldan hold) lo and ~ 你瞧瞧
beholder n.目
睹者]
beholden a.蒙恩的;负有义务的 [pp.(obs except in this use)of
())BEHOLD看;
看呀, = bound]
behoove v.理应;有益于 [HOOVE(兽医)鼓胀症 hoover 用吸尘器扫除]
belabor v.重打;辱骂
belated a.误期的 [pp. of obs belate delay(BE-, LATE)]
beleaguer v.围攻 [camp round (BE-, leger a camp) beleaguered
面临很多困
难]
belie v.掩饰 [OE beleogan(BE-, leogan LIE)]
belittle v.轻视
belle n.美女;绝世美女 [F <L bella fem. of bellus beautiful]
bellicose a.好战的;好争吵的 [ME<L bellicosus<bellum
war]
belligerent a.交战的 [L belligerare wage war<bellum
war+gerere wage]
bellow v.吼叫声;咆哮 [ME: perh. rel. to BELL]
belly n.腹;胃;食欲;鼓胀 [OE belig (orig. = bag) <Gmc]
belongings n.pl.财产;附属物;家眷
bemoan v.悲叹 [BE-+MOAN 牢骚,悲叹,哀悼]
benediction n.祝福;恩赐 [ME<OF<L benedictio -onis<benedicere
-dict-
bless]
benefactor n.施主;捐助人 [ME<LL(BENEFIT)]
beneficial a.有益的;有利的;慈善的 [BENEFICE 圣俸(在英国国教为vicar或rector
之收入)]
beneficiary n.受益人 [L beneficiarius(BENEFICE)]
benevolent a.慈善的;和蔼可亲的 [<L bene volens -entis
well wishing
benevolence仁爱;慈善]
benighted a.蒙昧的;被黑暗笼罩的 [obs benight 使陷入黑暗;使愚昧;使无知]
benign a.亲切的;良好的 [ME<OF benigne<bene well+-
genus born benignity亲
切,仁慈]
benison n.祝福 [ME<OF benein<L benedictio -onis]
benumb v.使麻痹;使昏迷不醒 [BE-, niman take]
bequeath v.遗赠;留传 [OE becwethan(BE-, cwethan say:
cf QUOTH)bequest遗
赠;遗产]
bequest n.遗赠;遗赠物 [ME<BE- + obs quiste<OE -cwiss,
cwide saying]
berate v.痛骂 [BE-+RATE严斥,斥责,骂 严斥(人),谩骂(at)]
bereave v.夺取 [OE bereafian(BE-, REAVE掠夺;劫夺;窃夺]
bereft a.被剥夺的 [pp. of BEREAVE]
berserk a.疯狂的 [<bern- BEAR+serkr coat; go ~ 发狂send
a person ~ 使人狂
暴]
berth n.v.睡床;停泊处;停泊 [< BEAR 开花;结实(<OE "搬运")生儿女;具有,带有
+TH]
beseech v.恳求;哀恳 [ME<BE-+secan SEEK]
beset v.包围 [OE besettan<Gmc]
besiege v.围 [ME<assiege by substitution of BE-,<OF
asegier<Rmc]
besmear v.涂;搽脏 [BE-, SMEAR)]
besmirch v.污;糟蹋 [BE-+ SMIRCH 弄脏;玷污;污点]
besom n.扫把 [OE besema]
bespeak v.指出 [OE bisprecan(BE-, SPEAK)]
bestial a.残忍的;野蛮的 [ME<OF<LL bestialis<bestia
beast]
bestow v.赠与;利用 [ME<BE-+OE stow a place]
bestride v.跨骑 [OE bestridan]
betimes ad.早;及时;不久;有时 [ME<obs betime(BY, TIME)]
betoken v.表示 [OE(BE-, tacnian signify: TOKEN记号;证据(of);纪念品]
betray v.背叛;出卖;泄露 [ME<obs tray, ult<L tradere
hand over]
betroth v.订婚 [ME<trouthe, TRUTH, later assim
to TROTH真实,誓言;婚约]
beverage n.饮料 [ME<OF bevrage, ult<L bibere
drink]
bevy n.一群鸟;一群人
beware v.注意;小心;警戒 [Beware of pickpockets. 谨防扒手 BE
+ WARE小心;器
具;货物]
bewilder v.使为难,使不知所措 [BE- + obs. wilder lose one's
way]
bewitch v.迷惑;陶醉 [OE wiccian enchant<wicca WITCH
女巫;迷人的女人;狐狸
精]
bias n.n.斜线;成见,心里的倾向
bibliography n.文献学;参考书目 [bibliographie<modL bibliographia<Gk
(BIBLE, -GRAPHY)]
bibliophile n.珍爱藏书者;藏书家 [F bibliophile(BIBLIO-,
-PHILE)]
bibulous a.好饮水的;吸水的 [L bibulus freely drinking<bibere
drink]
bicameral a.两院制的 [BI-+L camera chamber]
bicker v.n.插嘴;潺潺流;闪烁 [ME biker, beker]
bide v.居住;留;等待;忍受 [OE bidan <Gmc ~one's time
等待机会]
biennial a.两年一次的 [L biennis(BI-, annus year)]
bifurcate a.分为两部分 [medL bifurcare<L bifurcus
two-forked(BI-, furca
fork)]
bigotry n.顽固 [BIGOT 顽固者,乖僻的人]
bilateral a.两边的;左右对称的
bile n.胆汁;不开心;脾气 [F<L bilis biliary 胆汁的;输送胆汁的]
bilge n.船底;船底的污垢 [prob var of BULGE(<L."袋")鼓起,凸出<out>]
bilingual a.能说两种语言的 [L bilinguis(BI-, lingua tongue)]
bilious a.患胆病的;坏脾气的 [L biliosus<bilis bile]
bilk v.欺骗;挫折;使人失望 [perh = BALK: (17th c) = spoil
one's opponent's
score]
billingsgate n.下流话
bin n.储藏箱;收入收藏室 [OE bin(n), binn
cab n.v.计乘车;驾驶室;自修书 [abbr. of CABRIOLET]
cabal n.派系;阴谋 [F cabale<medL cabala, CABBALA
犹太教的神秘哲学 秘法,秘
教]
cache n.隐藏所 [F<cacher to hide]
cachet n.封印 [F<cacher press ult<L coactare
constrain]
cackle v.呵呵笑 [ME prob<MLG, MDu kakelen(imit)]
cacodemon n.恶灵;恶鬼;恶人 [Gk kakodaimon <kakos bad
+ daimon spirit]
cacography n.拼错字;抄错;拙劣的书法 [Gk kakos bad, after orthography]
cacology n.措辞不当;发音不正 [LL cacologia <Gk kakologia
vituperation
<kakos bad]
cacophony n.不调和的声音 [kakos bad+phone sound]
cad n.下流的男人;粗鄙的人 [abbr of CADDIE球童 in sense 'odd-job
man']
cadaver n.人之尸体 [ME<L<cadere fall cadaverous死尸一样的;憔悴的]
cadence n.韵律;调子 [ME<OF<It cadenza, ult<L
cadere fall]
cadet n.陆海空军校学生;实习生 [F<Gascon dial capdet, ult<L
caput head]
cadge v.行乞勒索(金钱等);行商 [bind, carry]
cajole v.以甜言蜜语诱惑欺骗 [F cajoler]
calamity n.灾难;吹毛求疵的人 [calamitous 造成灾祸的 calamity
howler 杞人忧
天者;悲观论者 Calamity Jane 患难珍妮 (原名Martha] [Jane Canary(Burke)1852-
1902,美国拓荒女英雄)]
caliber n.才干;才能;口径;器量 [同CALIBRE]
calligraphy n.书法 [call=kallos beauty+graphy]
calliope n.蒸汽琴;汽笛风琴 [Gk Kalliope muse of epic poetry
(lit 'beautiful-voiced')]
callous a.无情的;结硬块的
[ME<L callosus(CALLUS)or F calleux callus老茧;愈合组织,肉状体
callosity 皮
肤硬化,老茧,胼胝;无 感觉;无情
callow a.未成长的 [OE calu]
calorific a.生热的 [L calorificus<calor heat caloric
热(的)]
calumny n.诽谤;谗言 [calumniate诽谤;中伤]
cameo n.有浮雕的宝石 [ME<OF camahieu and medL cammaeus]
camouflage n.v.伪装;掩饰;隐瞒;欺瞒 [f camoufler disguise<It
camuffare
disguise, deceive]
canard n.虚报;谣言 [F, = duck]
candor n.坦白;率真
canker n.弊病 [cank螃蟹]
canny a.精明的;节俭的 [CAN(in sense 'know')+-Y]
canon n.宗教法规;教士;经典 [OE<L<Gk kanon, in ME also<AF
& OF canun, -
on;in sense ME<OF canonie<ecclL canonicus:
cf] [CANONICAL根据教会法的;正规
的,标准的]
cant n.黑话;伪善之言 [ME<MLG kant, kante, MDu cant,
point, side, edge,
ult<L cant(h)us iron tire]
cantata n.清唱剧 [cant=cantare sing]
canter n.慢步小跑 [short for Canterbury(坎特布里,英国大教堂)pace,
from
the supposed easy pace of medieval pilgrims to]
[Canterbury]
canto n.长诗中的章 [It, = song,<L cantus]
canvass v.细究;讨论;检票 [orig = toss投掷,摇荡 in a sheet,
agitate 摇动
CANVAS 帆布,油画]
capacious a.容量大的 [L capax -acis<capere hold capacity
包容力, 收容力;容
积]
caparison n.装饰用马衣;给马穿衣 [<Sp caparazon saddle-cloth<capa
CAPE羔羊
皮(产于好望角)拉丁文"头"岬,海角;好望角(Cape of Good] [Hope)]
caper v.n.雀跃;嬉戏;把戏 [ME capres & F c res<L
capparis<Gk kapparis,
treated as pl: cf CHERRY, PEA 豌豆]
capillary a.毛细管的 [<capillus hair]
capitulate v.有条件地投降 [<L caput head]
caprice n.反复无常;任性 [F<It CAPRICCIO随想曲 capricious善变的,任性的,反覆
无常的]
caption n.标题 [<capt- take]
captious a.好吹毛求疵的;诡辩的 [capt take+ious->take(other's
fault)
(CAPTION)]
carat n.克拉;开 [<Gk keration fruit of the carob稻子豆(dimin
of keras
horn角)Karate空手道 caret加字符号]
cardinal a.首要的;基本的
[ME<OF<L cardinalis<cardo -inis hinge:
in Eng first applied to the four
virtues on which conduct 'hinges( 关键,枢纽,要点)'
cardiology n.心脏学 [cardio+logy]
careen v.使船倾倒;使侧倾 [<L carina KEEL龙骨]
caress v.抚爱 [<L carus dear]
caricature n.讽刺画;讽刺 [<caricare load, exaggerate]
carmine n.洋红色 [<carmesinum crimson+minium cinnabar1(矿)辰砂,朱砂
鲜红
色,朱红色(vermilion)]
carnage n.大屠杀;残杀 [<L caro carnis flesh]
carnal a.肉体的 [<caro carnis flesh]
carnivorous a.食肉的 [<caro carnis flesh+-VOROUS
carnivore 食肉动物;食虫植
物]
carouse n.v.酒宴;痛饮;狂欢 [orig as adv = right out, in
phr drink
carouse<G gar aus trinken carousal喧闹的酒会]
carping a.吹毛求疵的
carrion n.腐臭的尸体 [ME<AF & ONF caroine, -oigne,
OF charoigne ult<L
caro flesh]
cartographer n.制图者 [carto纸+grapher]
carve v.雕刻;切成薄片;开拓 [OE ceorfan cut<WG]
cascade n.小瀑布 [F<It cascata<cascare to fall
ult<L casus: CASE(<L."发生
的事")情形,场合;事例]
caste n.印度世袭阶级;阶级制度 [<casto pure, CHASTE(<L."无缺点的,纯洁的")1<
女子>(肉体上)纯洁的,贞洁的]
castigate v.谴责;惩治 [L castigare reprove<castus
pure castigation 强烈申
斥;反对;鞭打;惩罚]
casualty n.意外;灾祸 [ME<medL casualitas(CASUAL),
after ROYALTY etc]
casuistry n.诡辩;曲解 [casuist 诡辩家 F casuiste <Sp.
casuista <L casus
CASE]
cataclysm n.洪水;剧变 [cata向下的+clysm=kluzo洗 catacomb地下墓穴
catalogue
分类目录 clyster(医)灌肠]
catalyst n.催化剂 [cata+lysis溶解 after analyst catalysis接触反应,催化作
用]
catapult n.弹弩;发射机 [F catapulte or L catapulta<Gk
katapeltes(CATA-,
pallo hurl)]
catastrophe n.大灾难 [cata+strophe turning]
catechism n.问答形式的教授法 [CATECHIZE 以问答方式讲授;盘问 catechizer
口试
者 catechist 传道师;盘问者;采用问答式教学者]
categorical a.绝对的 [CATEGORY 种类]
cater v.承办酒席;迎合 [<acater buy; cate n.佳肴,美食]
catharsis n.导泻;净化 [<kathairo cleanse cathartic通便的;洗涤(胃肠)的;泻
药]
catholic a.宽容的;广泛的 [<kata in respect of+holos
whole Catholic天主教]
caucus n.干部会议;核心人物 [18th-c US, perh<Algonquin
cau' -cau-as' u
adviser]
caustic a.腐蚀性的;刻薄的 [<kaustos burnt<kaio burn]
cauterize v.灼烧 [<kaio burn]
cavalcade n.车队等的行列 [<cavalcare ride ult<L
caballus pack-horse]
cavil v.吹毛求疵;苛责 [<L cavillari<cavilla mockery
嘲弄;蔑视]
cavity n.空穴;空腔;蛀牙洞 [<L cavus hollow洞]
cede v.割让;让步 [<L cedere yield]
celebrity n.名声;名人 [<celebr有名的+ity CELEBRATED
驰名的,有名的]
celerity n.快速 [<celer swift]
celestial a.天上的 [CELESTE天空]
celibate a.
coterminous a.毗连的;有共同边界的 [也写作contermious, con+term边界,结
束;terminate结束]
couch n.床;睡椅;麦牙糖 [var of QUITCH =quitch grass 茅草]
counterfeit a.n.v.假冒的;伪作;骗子 [E<OF countrefet,
-fait, pp. of
contrefaire]
countermand v.撤回;取消 [ME<OF contremander<medL
contramandare(CONTRA-,
mandare order)]
counterpart n.相对物;极相似之物 [counterpane(装饰用的)床罩,床单
counterpiston 逆活塞]
coupling n.联结;联合体
covenant n.契约;盟约 [ME<OF, pres part of co(n)venir,
formed as CONVENE召
集;集合]
covert a.暗地的;隐藏的 [ME<OF covert pp. of covrir
COVER]
covetous a.贪婪的 [ME<OF coveitous<Gallo-Roman
be ~ of another person's
property 贪图他人财产]
cower v.畏缩;退缩 [ME<MLG kuren lie in wait COW 恐吓;威胁]
coxcomb n.纨裤子弟;花花公子
[鸡冠花(cockscomb)= cock's comb(see COCK), orig(a cap
worn by)a jester(尤
指中世纪王侯、贵族所豢 养的)小丑,弄臣
coy a.害羞的 [ME<OF coi, quei<L quietus QUIET]
cozen v.欺骗 [16th-c perh rel to COUSIN 堂兄弟(姊妹) cozen
a person of
(out of) something=~ something of (out of) a] [person
骗取某人的某物
cozenage 欺骗,哄骗]
cozy a.温暖而舒适的 [同COSY a ~ little restaurant 舒适雅致的小餐厅
cozy up
to a person(美口语)博取<某人>的欢心, 好]<[某人>]
crabbed a.乖戾的;暴躁的 [ME<CRAB, assoc with CRAB 蟹]
cracker n.爆竹,摔爆;一种装有糖果
cram v.填塞;仓促用功 [OE crammian<Gmc cramming adj]
cranky a.胡思乱想的;发疯的 [perh<obs crank rogue feigning
sickness CRANK
曲柄;弯曲,虚浮的委婉话]
crass a.粗鲁的;愚蠢的 [L crassus solid, thick]
craven a.懦弱的 [<L crepare burst;assim to -EN]
crease n.v.皱痕;(使)起皱痕
credence n.相信 [<medL credentia<credere believe]
credo n.信条 [ME<L, = I believe]
credulity n.轻信;易信 [L credulus<credere believe]
creed n.教义;信条 [OE creda<L CREDO]
creek n.小湾;小溪 [<MDu kreke(or<crike by lengthening)]
crepuscular a.在晨曦时刻活动的 [L crepusculum twilight(日出前的)微明,晓光;
曙光;(较常指日落后的)黄昏,薄暮]
crestfallen a.垂头丧气的 [CREST鸡冠+FALLEN]
crevice n.裂缝;破口 [ME<OF crevace<crever burst<L
crepare]
cringe n.v.畏缩;奉承 [ME crenge, crenche, OE cringan,
crincan: CRANK脾气暴
躁的 cringing 谄媚的;奉承的]
cripple n.跛子;残废的 [OE crypel, rel to CREEP 爬行,匍匐]
crisp a.脆的;活泼的 [OE<L crispus curled卷曲]
criterion n.标准;定规 [Gk kriterion means of judging(cf
CRITIC)]
crooked a.有钩的;弯曲的;秘密造的 [ME<CROOK, prob after
ON kr*k*ttr crook屈
曲,弯曲部;曲柄拐杖]
cross a.不高兴的 [OE cros<ON kross<OIr cros<L
crux cruc-]
crotchety a.思想奇怪的;怪僻的 [CROTCHET奇想;反复无常+-Y]
crude a.未提炼的;生的;粗野 [ME<L crudus raw, rough crudity
未成熟;生硬;粗
杂;粗糙粗野的行为 (言辞)]
crumble v.粉碎;崩溃;灭亡 [ME<OE, formed as CRUMB;The
old wall is
crumbling away at the edges 那道古墙的边缘逐渐崩塌]
crunch v.嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼;压碎
[同scrunch earlier cranch, assim to munch用力嚼 A dog
was ~ing on a bone
一只狗在咯吱咯吱地 啃 着骨头
crusade n.十字军;圣战;改革运动
[earlier croisade(F<croix cross)or crusado(Sp<cruz
cross)crusader 十字军
战士 改革运动者 crusado(铸有 十字架之)葡萄牙古金币或银币
crux n.紧要关头;要点 [L, = cross(<L."十字形")the
~ of a problem 问题的核心
cruzeiro 巴西的货币单位(相当于美金 5.4 cents] [(1965))]
cryogenic a.低温的;低温学的
[cryogen (化学)致冷剂;冷冻剂 cryo- (用于复合字中) 表"冰冷,严寒"之义,如:
cryometer低温计 (内装 酒精,而非水银)
cryptic a.神秘的;隐藏的 [LL crypticus<Gk kruptikos(CRYPTO-)]
cryptogram n.密码 [cryptogrammic 亦作cryptogammatic
密码的;暗号的;似密码或
暗号的 crypto (复合用词)表示"隐的,秘密的"]
cuddle v.抚爱地怀抱;贴着身睡 [16th c: perh<dial couth
snug舒适的]
cuisine n.烹调;烹饪法 [F<L coquina<coquere to cook]
culinary a.厨房的;烹调的 [L culinarius<culina kitchen]
cull v.拣选;剔除 [ME<OF coillier etc ult<L colligere
COLLECT]
culmination n.顶点;最高潮
[the ~ of one's ambition 某人雄心 (抱负) 的极致 2(天文)通过子午线,中天
culminate 到达最高点 ( 极点,绝顶) 达到最高潮 (极盛)
culpable a.该受谴责的 [<L culpabilis<culpare<culpa
blame]
cultivate v.耕种 [medL cultivare<cultiva(terra)arable(land)(CULT)]
cultivating n.力求与人交往
cupidity n.贪婪 [ME<OF cupidite or L cupiditas<cupidus
desirous]
curb n.马勒;控制 [ME<OF courber<L curvare bend,
CURVE曲线;弯曲]
curmudgeon n.守财奴 [curly 鬈发的;卷曲的;卷缩的 curr(http://www.toeflcn.net/spacer.gif)发咕咕声;发呜
呜声 currant 小粒的无子葡萄干]
curry v.制革;曲意逢迎 [ME<OF correier ult<Gmc]
cursive a.草体的 [medL(scriptura)cursiva<L currere
curs- run]
cursory a.匆促的;粗略的 [L cursorius of a runner(CURSOR计算尺游标)]
curtail v.缩短;缩减 [<F courtault<court short<L
curtus: assim to tail]
cushion n.垫子;后腿肉;缓解 [<L mattress, 拉丁"腰,臀"a
~ against inflation
缓解通货膨胀的政策 The grass ~ed his fall 草坪缓和了他坠落时的撞积
pincushion(裁缝用)针垫
custody n.监护;保管 [L custodia<custos -odis guardian
custodian管理人;看守
人, after guardian]
cute a.聪明的;可爱的 [shortening of ACUTE敏锐的]
cyclopean a.巨大的 [独眼巨人 Cyclops(似)的;cyclopia(医)独眼畸形]
cynic n.愤世嫉俗;不信人间真情 [L cynicus<Gk kunikos<kuon
kunos dog,
nickname for a Cynic CYNICAL不相信人间有真情的 cynicism]
[愤世嫉俗,讥嘲的习
癖]
cynosure n.众人注目之的
[<Gk kunosoura dog's tail, Ursa Minor<kuon
kunos dog+oura tail cynosural
引人注意的 cynocephalous 似狗头的;似犬面的
cytology n.细胞学 [cyto-, cyt- 表"细胞"之义 cytologist
细胞学家
cytokinesis (细胞分裂时之) 细胞浆移动;原浆移动] [cytochrome 细胞色素
cytogenous 细胞合成的]
dabble v.涉足;浅赏 [16th c:<Du dabbelen or DAB (用)轻敲,轻抚,轻按,轻敷,轻扑
(with)(又作 dab hand)(英口语)好手;高手],[ 专家(at)
dainty a.优美的;讲究的;好吃的 [AF dainte, OF daintie, deintie<L
dignitas -
tatis<dignus worthy]
dais n.讲台 [ME<OF deis<L discus disc, dish,
in medL = table]
dally v.嬉戏;玩弄 [ME<OF dalier chat dalliance戏弄;荒唐度日]
dampen v.弄湿;使消沉;挫锐气
dandy n.好时髦的人;好打扮的 [18th c: perh orig = Andrew
donor n.给予者 [ME<AF donour, OF doneur<L donator
-oris<donare give]
dormant a.蛰伏的;休止的 [ME<OF, pres part of dormir<L
dormire sleep]
dorsal a.背的;背部的 [F dorsal or LL dorsalis<L dorsum
back]
dose n.v.一服;安排;混合物 [F<LL dosis<Gk dosis gift<didomi
give DOSAGE下
药;配药;剂量]
dotage n.老年糊涂;溺爱
dote v.衰老;年老昏慵;溺爱 [同DOAT ME, corresp to MDu doten
be silly DOTING
沉溺于爱的,溺爱的]
doughty a.勇敢的;坚强的 [OE dohtig var of dyhtig<Gmc]
dour a.闷闷不乐的 [ME(orig Sc), prob<Gael dull, obstinate,
perh<L durus
hard]
doze v.小睡 [17th c: cf Da d*se make drowsy]
draconian a.苛刻的 [Draco 雅典立法者]
draft n.草稿;汇票 [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHT草稿;汇票;起草;征兵]
drape v.悬挂的布 [ME<OF draper<drap<LL drappus
cloth]
drawl v.n.懒洋洋地说;慢慢地说 [16th c: prob orig cant,<LG,
Du dralen
delay, linger(<OE "拖延")残留;徘徊;]
dreary a.沉寂的;可怕的;荒凉的 [OE dreorig<dreor gore:
rel to dreosan to
drop<Gmc]
dregs n.渣滓;最无用的部分 [dreg 渣滓,沈淀物,糟粕,废物;微量;些微]
drizzle v.下细雨 [prob<ME drese, OE dreosan fall
drizzly n]
droll a.有趣的;滑稽的 [F dr e, perh<MDu drolle little
man]
drone n.雄蜂;翁翁声;翁翁作声 [OE dran, dr'n prob<WG]
dross n.渣滓;无用之物 [OE dros: cf MLG drosem, OHG truosana]
drudgery n.乏味的工作;贱役 [durdge贱役;苦工;书呆子]
dubious a.怀疑的;可疑的 [L dubiosus<dubium doubt dubitation
怀疑,半信半
疑]
ductile a.易变形的;柔软的;驯良的 [ME<OF ductile or L ductilis<ducere
duct-
lead]
dudgeon n.愤怒 [in(a)high ~ 极为愤怒]
dulcet a.悦耳的 [ME, earlier doucet<OF dimin of
doux<L dulcis sweet]
duplicity n.欺骗;口是心非 [ME<OF duplicite or LL duplicitas(DUPLEX)]
durance n.禁锢;监禁 [ME<F<durer last<L durare:
DURABLE]
dwindle v.日益减小;缩小;衰落 [dwine fade away<OE dwinan,
ON dvina]
dynamic a.精力充沛的 [F dynamique<Gk dunamikos<dunamis
power]
dyspeptic a.消化不良;忧郁 [dyspepsia(-sy)n L dyspepsia<Gk
duspepsia(DYS-
, peptos cooked, digested)]
earthy a.粗俗的
ebb v.退潮;潮落 [OE ebba, ebbian]
ebullient a.热情洋溢的 [L ebullire ebullient- bubble
out(E-, bullire
boil)ebullience -cy 沸腾;(情感的)迸发,热狂]
eccentric a.奇人;离心圆 [LL eccentricus<Gk ekkentros<ek
out of+kentros
CENTRE eccentricity n]
ecclesiastic a.教会的;神职者的 [F ecclesiastique or LL
ecclesiasticus<Gk
ekklesiastikos<ekklesia assembly, church: ECCLESIAL教
的];[教会机构的]
eclecticism n.折衷主义 [Gk eklektikos<eklego pick
out]
eclipse n.v.蚀;光之丧失;暗然失色 [ME<OF<L<Gk ekleipsis<ekleipo
fail to
appear, be eclipsed<leipo leave]
ecology n.生态学;社会生态学 [G ologie<Gk oikos house]
ecstasy n.狂喜;忘形
[ME<OF extasie<LL extasis<Gk ekstasis standing
outside oneself<ek
out+histemi to place ecstatic欣喜 若狂的,忘形的 恍惚 (陶醉)
的;心旷神怡的
ecumenical a.普通的;全基督教会的 [LL oecumenicus<Gk oikoumenikos
of the
inhabited earth(oikoumene)]
eddy n.漩涡;卷涡;旋风;漩卷 [prob OE ed- again, back, perh
of Scand orig]
edify v.陶冶;教化;启发 [ME<OF edifier<L aedificare(EDIFICE)edification
n]
educe v.引出;演绎 [ME<L educere educt- lead out(E-,
ducere lead)]
eerie a.奇异的;怪诞的 [orig NEngl and Sc eri, of obscure
orig: cf OE
earg cowardly]
efface v.抹掉 [F effacer(EX-, FACE)]
effectual a.有效的 [ME<medL effectualis(EFFECT)]
effervesce v.冒泡;兴奋 [L effervescere(EX-, fervere
be hot)]
effete a.疲惫的;枯竭的 [L effetus worn out by bearing
young(EX-, FOETUS=
fetus(生物)胎儿]
efficacy n.功效;效力
effigy n.肖像 [L effigies<effingere to fashion]
effluvium n.恶臭;臭气 [L(EFFLUENT)]
effrontery n.厚颜无耻 [F effronterie<effronte ult<LL
effrons -ontis
shameless(EX-, frons forehead)]
effulgent a.光辉的;灿烂的 [L effulgere shine forth(EX-,
fulgere shine)]
effusive a.流出的;感情横溢的
egoism n.自私;自负;自我主义 [F egoisme ult<modL egoismus(EGO(<L."我")1(哲
心理)自我(口语)自大;自尊心]
egotism n.自负;自大 [EGO+-ISM with intrusive -t-]
egregious a.非常的;过分的 [L egregius illustrious, lit
'standing out
from the flock'<grex gregis flock]
egress n.出去;出口 [L egressus<egredi egress-(E-,
gradi to step)]
ejaculation n.绝叫;失声 [L ejaculari to dart(E-, jaculum
javelin标枪)
ejaculate 突然叫出来,忽然说出来;射出(液体)]
elaborate v.尽心竭力地做 [L elaboratus pp. of elaborare(E-,
labor work)]
elasticity n.弹性;伸缩力 [modL elasticus<Gk elastikos
propulsive<elauno
drive elastic有弹性的,伸缩自如的 an ~ string 松紧带]
elicit v.诱出;引出 [L elicere elicit-(E-, lacere entice)]
eliminate v.消除 [L eliminare(E-, limen liminis threshold(<OE
"踩踏物")门
槛;入口 (事物的) 开始,开端(of) He is on the ~] of [adulthood]
elite n.精华;精锐;社会名流
eloquent a.雄辩的;富于表现力的 [L eloqui(E-, loqui speak)ELOQUENCE雄辩,口
才]
elucidate v.阐明;说明 [LL elucidare(E-, LUCID透明的;透彻的)]
elude v.躲避;困惑
[L eludere elus-(E-, ludere play)~ pursuit 逃避追踪
~ the law 逃避法网 ~
a person's understanding<问 题等>叫人无法捉 摸,令人困惑
elusive a.难懂的;难捉摸的 [an ~ answer 遁辞 track down an
~ fact 追查难以明
了的事实]
emaciated a.瘦弱的;憔悴的 [L emaciare emaciat-(E-, macies
leanness)]
emanate v.流出;发散 [L emanare flow out]
emancipate v.解放;解除 [L emancipare transfer property(E-,
manus
hand+capere take)]
embargo v.n.禁止通商;妨害 [Sp<embargar arrest<Rmc(IN-,
BAR禁止)]
embed v.埋藏;埋入;深留心中 [The scene was embedded in his
memory 那一幕情
景 深深地留在他的记忆]
embellish v.装饰;布置 [ME<OF embellir(EN-, bel handsome<L
bellus)]
embezzlement n.盗用;私用 [em+bezzle破坏 EMBEZZLE盗用;侵吞]
emblazon v.饰以纹章 [同BLAZON以纹章装饰]
emblem n.v.象徵;典型;寓意画 [ME<L emblema<Gk
fervent a.强烈的;热情的 [ME<OF<L fervere boil fervid热情的
fervor热诚;热
心;炽热]
fester v.化脓;腐败 [ME<obs fester(n)or OF festrir,<OF
festre<L fistula:
FISTULA管;楼管]
fete v.招待;庆祝;庆典;节日 [a garden (lawn) ~(美)园游会 a national
~ 国定节
日]
fetid a.臭的;有恶臭的 [L fetidus<fetere stink发出恶臭的]
fetish n.被认为有神灵之物;偶像 [F fetiche<Port feiti charm:
orig adj =
made by art,<L factitius FACTITIOUS 人为的,人工的;做作的],[
不自然的
feud n.争执;领地;不和;争执 [medL feudum: FEE]
fiasco n.完全失败 [It, = bottle(with unexplained allusion):
FLASK烧瓶;小水
瓶]
fiat n.命令 [L, = let it be done by fiat 以(绝对)命令]
fickle a.多变的;不专的 [OE ficol;cf befician deceive,
f'cne deceitful]
fictitious a.虚构的;佯装的 [L ficticius(FICTILE 塑造的;可塑造的
粘土制的;陶
土制的 It's a ~ deity 这是用粘土塑的神像 Sanhsia] [is famous
for its ~
ware 三峡以陶器闻名]
fidelity n.忠诚 [F fidelite or L fidelitas(FEALTY忠诚)]
fidget v.烦躁之人 [obs or dial fidge to twitch fidgety
坐立不安的;不安定
的]
fiduciary a.受托的;信托的 [L fiduciarius(FIDUCIAL基准的;根据信仰的;信托
的)]
fierce a.粗暴的;凶猛的 [ME<AF fers, OF fiers fier proud<L
ferus savage]
fiery a.火的,燃烧的;炯炯的
figment n.虚构的事物 [ME<L figmentum, rel to fingere
fashion]
filch v.偷窃(不贵重的东西) [16th-c thieves' sl He ~ed a
piece of chalk
from the teacher's desk 他从老师的书桌上偷取一支粉笔]
file n.锉刀;推敲;锉;陶冶 [FILINGS锉屑]
filial a.子女的 [ME<OF filial or LL filialis<filius
son, filia daughter
FILIAL PIETY孝心]
filth n.污物;猥亵;猥亵语 [OE fylth(FOUL, -TH)filthy不洁的;污秽的]
finable a.可罚款的;应罚款的
finale n.终局;结尾 [It(FINAL)]
finesse n.手法;技巧 [F, rel to FINE]
finicky a.苛求的;太过讲究的 [单词FINICAL的变体,<FINE+ical]
finite a.有限的 [L finitus pp. of finire FINISH]
firmament n.天空;苍天 [ME<OF<L firmamentum<firmare(FIRM)(<L."支撑")]
fissile a.易分裂的;易裂的 [L fissilis(FISSURE裂缝;裂开)]
fissure n.裂缝 [ME<OF fissure or L fissura<findere
fiss- cleave]
fitful a.断续的;一阵阵的;不安的 [a ~ wind 一阵阵的风]
flabby a.软弱的;意志薄弱的 [alt of earlier flappy<FLAP拍打,飘动]
flaccid a.软弱的;没力气的 [F flaccide or L flaccidus<flaccus
flabby]
flag v.衰退;枯萎 [flagging adj萎靡的;疲惫的 FLAGGY松软的;疲惫的]
flagellate v.鞭打 [flagellant鞭笞者,严厉批评的 flagellum鞭子;鞭毛]
flagrant a.恶名昭彰的;声名狼籍的 [F flagrant or L flagrant-
part stem of
flagrare blaze火焰;燃烧]
flail v.用连枷打;击打 [OE prob<L FLAGELLUM鞭;鞭毛]
flair n.才能;本领 [F flairer to smell ult<L fragrare:
FRAGRANT芬芳的]
flamboyant a.灿烂的;华丽的 [F(in Archit sense), pres part
of
flamboyer<flambe: FLAMBEAU火把;大烛台 flamboyance火红,华丽;
丽];[灿烂夺目]
flare v.(火焰)摇曳;闪烁
[The torches ~d in the wind 那些火炬的火焰在风中摇曳 My stomach
ulcer has
~d up again 我的胃溃 疡突然又发作了 flareback 火舌回闪;反驳
flaunt v.炫耀;张扬 [Flags are ~ing in the breeze 旗子在微风中飘扬
~ one's
riches in public 在大众面前炫耀自己的财富]
flaw n.裂缝;缺陷 [flawless无瑕疵的,无缺点的]
flay v.剥皮;劫夺;严厉斥责 [OE flean<Gmc]
fleck v.斑点;微粒 [perh<ON flekkr(n), flekka(v),
or MLG, MDu vlecke, OHG
flec, fleccho;fleche(法、建)尖顶塔]
fledgling a.n.无经验的(年轻人) [FLEDGE+-LING]
fleece n.羊毛;柔软的织品;诈取 [OE fleos, fles<WG I was
~d of what little
I had 我所有的一点 钱都被骗走了]
fleeting a.飞逝的;疾驰的;短暂的 [FLEET+-ING]
flexible a.易曲的;柔韧的;能变形的 [ME<OF flexible or L
flexibilis(FLEX)
flex弯曲]
flick n.轻打;轻弹 [go to the ~s 去看电影 He ~ed me in the
face 他(用指尖)
轻弹我的脸]
flicker n.火光闪动 [imit of its note]
flighty a.轻浮的;心情浮动的 [FLIGHT飞行;飞跃+Y]
flimsy a.脆弱的;薄弱的 [17th c: prob<FLIMFLAM: cf TIPSY微醉的;(酒后)步伐蹒
跚的 walk with a ~ step(酒醉而)步伐蹒跚] [走]
flinch v.退缩
[Without ~ing he dashed into the burning house to
save the children 他毫
不畏缩地冲进在燃烧的房 屋 中去救小孩
fling v.抛;突然伸出;用力摇动 [He flung a stream of abuse
at me 他冲着我乱
骂一通 He was flung into jail 他被关进监狱 She angrily] [flung
up her
head 她生气地抬起头]
flint n.打火石;燧石
flippant a.言语尖刻的;无礼的 [FLIP蹦跳+-ANT FLIPPANCY无礼;言语尖刻]
flirt v.调情取乐;调戏;用力摇动 [imit flirtatious爱调戏的;轻浮的]
flock n.群;聚集;成群地去 [ME<OF floc<L floccus]
floppy a.懒散的;邋遢的 [floppy disk(电算)软磁碟]
flora n.植物志;植物群
[modL<the name of the goddess of flowers<L
flos floris flower (植)
galingale 一种姜科植物的根.萱的一 种(英国产)
florid a.华丽的;鲜红的 [F floride or L floridus<flos
floris flower]
flotsam n.遇难船的残骸或漂流货物 [AF floteson<floter FLOAT)flounce
冲出,冲
入扭动身体,挣扎,打滚]
flout v.轻视;嘲弄;违抗 [perh<Du fluiten whistle, hiss:
cf FLUTE笛子]
fluency n.流利;雄辩
fluffy a.绒毛的;毛茸茸的;无聊的
fluke n.比目鱼;马铃薯;偶然机会 [16th c: perh<FLUKE (常 ~s)锚爪,锚钩
侥幸的
击中;侥幸 win by(a)~ 侥幸得胜]
flunk n.v.考试不及格;断绝关系
[cf FUNK 却懦;畏缩 and obs flink be a coward)He ~ed
the course 他那一科考
试不及格(flinch 与 funk 的混合语)
flush n.疾风;飞起;水淹;脸红 [BLUSH 脸红]
fluster v.使紧张;使慌乱 [cf Icel flaustr(a)hurry, bustle]
fluted a.有凹槽的 [flute 笛,横笛(建筑)(柱子上的)长凹槽,凹槽雕刻 用横笛演奏<
曲子>]
flux n.流动;不断的改变 [ME<OF flux or L fluxus<fluere
flux- flow
fluctuant 变动的;波动的;起伏的]
foible n.弱点;小缺点 [F, obs form of faible(FEEBLE衰弱的;无效的)]
foil n.薄金属片;圆头剑;阻挠 [<foli FOLIAGE树叶]
foist v.混入;蒙骗 [orig of palming a false die,<Du
dial vuisten take in
the hand<vuist FIST拳头;手]
fold n.折褶;羊栏;折摺 [OE fald]
foliage n.叶(集合称) [ME<F feuillage<feuille leaf<OF
foille: FOIL]
follies n.时事讽刺舞台剧
foment v.煽动 [ME<F fomenter<LL fomentare<L
fomentum poultice,
lotion<fovere heat, cherish fomentation n煽动;
起];[助长]
foolhardy a.鲁莽的 [ME<OF folhardi<fol foolish+hardi
bold]
footle n.梦话;做笨事;胡闹;浪费 [19th c: perh<dial
handicap n.v.障碍;困难;妨碍
handle n.柄;把手;处理;操作 [OE handle, handlian(HAND)]
hap n.运气 [ME<ON happ hapless不幸的;倒楣的]
haphazard a.偶然的;随便的 [HAP+HAZARD]
harangue n.长篇的高谈阔论 [ME<F<OF arenge<medL
harenga, perh<Gmc]
harass v.使烦恼 [F harasser<OF harer set a dog on
harassment 烦恼;侵扰;困
苦]
harbinger n.先兆;先驱者 [earlier = 'one who provides
lodging': ME
herbergere<OF<herberge lodging<Gmc]
harbor n.港弯;避难所;隐匿
hardy a.耐劳的;强健的;耐寒的 [ME<OF hardi pp. of hardir
become bold,<Gmc,
rel to HARD]
harping n.反复述说 [harpins(造船)(支持船端框架)临时木材]
harridan n.恶妇;丑老太婆 [17th-c cant, perhaps<F haridelle
old horse
HARD-RIDDEN]
harrow v.以耙掘;伤害 [ME<ON hervi BARROW独轮车 HAROWING苦难的;痛心的]
harry v.袭击 [Guerrillas harried our rear 游击队执拗地攻击我们的后方
Harry
魔鬼;恶魔by the Lord ~ 誓必;必然 play] [Old ~ with弄坏]
hasten v.催促;促进;赶快;急行
hatch v.n.孵化;舱口;加阴影 [ME<F hacher<hache HATCHET]
haughty a.傲慢的;自大的 [HAUGHTINESS 傲慢]
haul v.拖;拉 [var of HALE 猛拉;拖曳;(尤指老人)健壮的,矍铄的]
hauteur n.傲慢;摆架子 [F<haut high]
havoc n.大荒废;大破坏 [ME<AF havok<OF havo(t), cry
~ 发掠夺(暴行)的号令;鼓
动暴行]
hawser n.大缆;大索 [<OF haucier hoist升高;举起 ult<L
altus high]
hazard n.v.危险;孤注一掷;偶然 [ME<OF hasard<Sp azar<Arab
az-zahr chance,
luck hazadous危险的]
hazy a.有雾的;模糊的 [17th c in Naut use]
heap n.v.累积;堆积;大量 [OE heap, heapian<Gmc]
heathen n.a.异教徒;野蛮的 [本来的意思是"住在长着石南的荒野之人",
罗马帝国时
代, 基督教在都市 比在乡村扩展得迅速,]所 [住在heathen之人多半不是基督徒 因此
heathen就转变为]
heave v.用力举起 [OE hebban<Gmc, rel to L capere
take]
hectic a.发热的;紧张兴奋的
[ME etik<OF etique<LL hecticus<Gk hektikos
habitual<hexis habit, assim
to F hectique or LL a ~ fever 消耗热,痨病热 a ~ flush
痨病性潮红
hedge n.篱笆;障碍;围住;守卫
[OE hegg<Gmc a quickset ~ 树篱 a ~ of convention
因袭的障碍,习俗的束缚 He
felt ~d in with rules 他觉得受到规则的限制
hedonism n.享乐主义;享乐 [Gk hedone pleasure HEDONISTIC享乐的;快乐论的;快乐
主义的]
heed v.留心;注意 [OE hedan<WG heedless不留心的 ~to 对加以注意
take ~ to
(of)留心于]
heedlessness n.不注意;调以轻心
heel n.踵;后脚跟;随从;倾斜 [prob<obs heeld, hield incline,<OE
hieldan,
OS -heldian<Gmc]
hefty a.重的;肌肉发达的 [a ~ blow 重重的一击 a ~ price 相当高的价格]
hegemony n.领导权;霸权;盟主权
[Gk hegemonia<hegemon leader<hegeomai lead(<G."指导者")hold
~ over ┅ 对
握有领导 (统治,支配) 权]
heinous a.极恶的;可憎的 [ME<OF haineus ult<hair
to hate<Frank heinie(蔑)德
国人;德国兵]
heliotrope n.向日花 [<Gk heliotropion plant turning
its flowers to the
sun,<helios sun+-tropos<trepo turn helio-(用于复合
中])[表"太阳"之义,
如:heliograph 日照计]
helm n.v.驾驶盘;统治;操纵 [HELMSMAN 舵手]
helping n.帮助;协助;(食物的)一份
herald n.传令官;使者;传达;预告 [ME<OF herau(l)t, herauder<Gmc]
herd n.兽群;大众;放牧;聚集
[OE heord,(in sense 3)hirdi,<Gmc herdsman 牧人,牧者;家畜群的所有者
(看顾
者) (the H~)(天文)牧人 座(Bootes)
heresy n.异端邪说;异教 [ME<OF(h)eresie,<ecclL haeresis,
in L = school of
thought,<Gk hairesis choice, sect<haireomai
choose]
heretic n.持异端学说者;异教徒 [ME<OF heretique<ecclL
haereticus<Gk
hairetikos able to choose(HERESY)heretical 异教的;矣谒的]
heritage n.世袭的财产;继承物;传统 [ME<OF(HERITABLE a<财产等>可传让的
<性
质、疾病等>遗传性的]
hermetically ad.密封的;不透气的 [modL hermeticus irreg<Hermes
Trismegistus thrice-greatest Hermes(the founder
of alchemy)hermit隐士],
[居者,遁世者]
hermitage n.隐士的居处;隐庐葡萄酒 [ME<OF(h)ermitage(HERMIT隐士)]
heterogeneous a.异质的;不同的 [medL heterogeneus<Gk
heterogenes(HETERO-,
genos kind)]
hew v.砍;伐;削
[OE heawan<Gmc The cottage was hewn as under
(in two) by an earthquake 那
栋小屋被地震震得崩裂 ( 震裂为两半) 了 ~ down a tree 砍倒一棵树
hiatus n.空隙;裂缝 [L, = gaping<hiare gape(成大窟窿的)裂口,裂缝张口注视(),
张口呆看(at)]
hibernal a.冬日的;寒冷的 [hibernacle 动物冬眠处]
hidebound a.顽固;气量狭的;皮包骨的 [HIDE皮+BOUND包裹;约束]
hideous a.可怕的;非常讨厌的 [ME hidous<AF hidous, OF
hidos, -eus,<OF
hide, hisde fear]
hierarchy n.阶级制度 [ME<OF ierarchie<medL(h)ierarchia<Gk
hierarkhia
HIERARCH 教主;掌权者]
hieroglyphic a.象形文字 [<Gk hieroglyphikos(HIERO-神,
gluphikos<gluphe
carving)]
highbrow n.a.知识分子;卖弄知识者
hilarious a.喜不自禁的;欢闹的 [L hilaris<Gk hilaros cheerful]
hinder v.妨碍;阻扰;阻碍;打扰 [hindrance 妨害,障碍,阻碍物]
hindmost a.最后方的 [hinder 后面的,后部的 hindgut(胚、动)后肠;尾肠]
hireling n.雇工;雇员 [OE hyrling(HIRE, -LING)]
hirsute a.多毛的;蓬乱的 [L hirsutus]
hiss v.n.发嘶嘶声;发虚声制止 [~ at a play (an actor) 对戏剧
(演员) 嘘嘘地喝
倒采 ~ a lecturer 对演说者发出不满的嘘声 ~ a speaker] [away (down)
发嘘声把
演讲者轰走 (轰下 台)]
histology n.组织学;组织结构 [histo-, hist-(用于复合字中)表"组织"之义,
如:histamine(生化)组胺(蛋白质分解而产生的一种氨基酸] [histie(苏)(指土地)不毛
的]
histrionic a.戏剧的;演剧的 [LL histrionicus<L histrio
-onis actor]
histrionics n.装模作样;舞台艺术
hitch v.拴;用力移动;被钩住
[He ~ed his horse to a tree 他把他的马系在一棵树上 He ~ed his
chair
nearer the fire 他把椅子移近火 [一些 ~ a ride (lift) 搭便车]
hoard n.财宝;储藏;积蓄;蓄财 [~ up treasure 积聚财宝 A squirrel
~s nuts
for the winter 松鼠为过冬贮藏坚果(<中OE "宝物")]
hoary a.鬓发斑白的;陈腐的 [a ~ old excuse 老套的辩白]
hoax n.恶作剧 [18th c: prob contr<HOCUS 欺骗]
hobble v.蹒跚;跛行 [ME, prob<LG: cf HOPPLE and Du
hobbelen rock from
side to side]
hobnob v.n.ad.交好;共饮;随意地
[hob or nob = give or take, of alternate drinking;earlier
hab nab, =
have or not have ~ with the rich 与有 [人亲密地交往]
hogshead n.大桶 [ME<HOG, HEAD: reason for the name
unkn hogskin 猪皮]
hoist v.n.悬起;拉升;发信号 [16th c: alt of hoise<(15th-c)hysse,
prob of
LG orig: cf LG hissen]
innocuous a.无害的;无毒的 [L innocuus(IN-, nocuus formed
as INNOCENT无罪
的;无知的)]
innovation n.改革;革新
innuendo n.暗指;讽刺 [L, = by nodding at, by pointing
to: ablat gerund
of innuere nod at(IN-, nuere nod)]
inordinate a.无节制的;过度的 [ME<L inordinatus(IN-,
ordinatus pp. of
ordinare ORDAIN(<L."使有秩序(order)")注定会;规定,制定]
inquisitive a.想问的;好追根究底的 [E<OF inquisitif -ive<LL
inquisitivus
(INQUISITION(往往忽视人权的)严格审讯,调查;审理]
inroad n.侵略;侵害;蚕食 [IN+ROAD in sense 'riding']
insane a.疯狂的;精神错乱的 [L insanus(IN-, sanus healthy)]
insatiable a.不知足的;贪求无厌的 [ME<OF insaciable or
L insatiabilis(IN-,
SATIATE饱足的;吃饱的)]
inscrutable a.不了解的;不可思议的 [ME<ecclL inscrutabilis(IN-,
scrutari
search: SCRUTINY详细阅读)]
insensate a.无感觉的;无情的 [ecclL insensatus(IN-, sensatus<sensus
SENSE)]
insert v.插进;嵌入;插入 [L inserere(IN-, serere sert-
join)]
insidious a.狡猾的;暗中活动的 [L insidiosus cunning<insidiae
ambush(IN-,
sedere sit)]
insinuate v.暗示 [L insinuare insinuat-(IN-, sinuare
to curve)]
insipid a.乏味的 [F insipide or LL insipidus(IN-, sapidus
SAPID有味道的;有
趣味的)]
insolent a.粗野的;无礼的 [ME, = 'arrogant',<L insolens(IN-,
solens pres
part of solere be accustomed)an ~ little boy 傲慢的小男孩
He] [is ~ to
customers 他对顾客无礼]
insolvency n.破产 [SOLVENT 有偿还能力的;有溶解力的 insolvent1(法律)无力偿付
债务的(谑)把钱用光的人;破产的人]
insomnia n.失眠 [L<insomnis sleepless(IN-, somnus
sleep)]
insouciant a.不在意的;无忧虑的 [F(IN-, souciant pres part
of soucier care)
INSOUCIANCE漠不关心]
inspiration n.灵感;启示 [E<OF<LL inspiratio -onis(INSPIRE)]
installation n.任命;就任;装置 [edL installatio(INSTALL)]
instigate v.鼓励;煽动 [L instigare instigat- instigation鼓动煽动;教唆]
insufficient a.不足;不适当;无能力的 [E<OF<LL insufficiens(IN-,
SUFFICIENT)]
insular a.岛的;狭隘的 [LL insularis(INSULATE)~ prejudices
心胸狭隘的偏见
insularity 岛(国),岛国性 岛国根性,胸襟褊狭]
insulate v.隔离;使孤立;成岛 [L insula island+-ATE]
insuperable a.无法克服的 [ME<OF insuperable or L insuperabilis(IN-,
SUPERABLE能胜过的,可征服的]
insurgent a.起事的;暴动的 [F<L insurgere insurrect-(IN-,
surgere rise)]
integrate v.合而为一;使完全 [L integrare integrat- make
whole(INTEGER整体;
整数)integrated 整合的;完整的]
integrity n.完整;正直 [ME<F integrite or L integritas(INTEGER)]
integument n.皮肤;外皮 [L integumentum<integere(IN-,
tegere cover)]
intellect n.理解力;智力 [ME<OF intellect or L intellectus
understanding
(INTELLIGENT)intelligible可理解的,易理解的]
intelligentsia n.知识阶层 [Russ<Pol inteligencja<L
intelligentia
(INTELLIGENT)]
inter v.埋葬 [ME<OF enterrer<Rmc(IN-, L terra
earth)]
intercept v.中途夺取;截夺;截断 [L intercipere intercept-(INTER-,
capere
take)]
interdict v.限制;禁止 [ME<OF entredit<L interdictum
pp. of interdicere
interpose, forbid by decree(INTER-, dicere say)]
interim n.暂时;过渡时期 [L, as INTER-+adv suffix -im]
interlocutory a.对话的;中间的 [medL interlocutorius(INTERLOCUTOR对话者)]
intermediary a.仲裁者 [intermediaire<It intermediario<L
intermedius
(INTERMEDIATE(无比较级、 最高级)居间的,中间] [(halfway),中型(<L."在正中
央")]
interment n.埋葬
interminable a.无终止的;冗长的 [ME<OF interminable or
LL interminabilis
(IN-, TERMINATE)]
intermittent a.间歇的 [L intermittere intermittent-(INTERMIT暂时中止)]
internecine a.两败俱伤的;互相残杀的 [orig = deadly,<L
internecinus<internecio massacre<internecare
slaughter(INTER-, necare
kill)]
internist n.内科医师
interpolate v.加添字句于文稿 [L interpolare furbish up(INTER-,
polire
POLISH优雅;精良;擦亮)(<L."修饰于中间")]
interstice n.空隙;裂缝 [interstitium(INTER-, sistere
stit- stand)
interstices 缝;细口]
intervene v.插入;介于其间 [L intervenire(INTER-, venire
come)
intervention 干涉]
interweave v.使交织;织进;使混杂
intestate a.未留遗嘱的;未按遗嘱的 [ME<L intestatus(IN-,
testari testat-
make a will<testis witness)]
intimate v.暗示 [LL intimare announce<L intimus
inmost]
intimidation n.恐吓;威胁 [edL intimidare(IN-, timidare<timidus
TIMID)]
intolerant a.不容许相反言论的 [intolerans(IN-, TOLERANT)]
intoxicate v.使醉;使陶醉;使如梦似的 [edL intoxicare(IN-, toxicare
poison<L toxicum): TOXIC intoxicant n使罪的东西(酒麻药等)]
intractable a.倔强的;难驾驭的 [L intractabilis(IN-, TRACTABLE易于管教的)]
intrepid a.无畏的;英勇的 [F intrepide or L intrepidus(IN-,
trepidus
alarmed)INTREPIDITY 无畏]
intricate a.错综复杂的;难懂的 [ME<L intricare intricat-(IN-,
tricare<tricae tricks)]
intrigue n.阴谋;策划;私通 [The shapes of clouds ~ me 云的形状激起我的兴趣
~ with A against B 与A密谋(耍阴谋)对付B] [())INTRICATE复杂的;缠结的;难懂的
intriguing 有趣的;有魅力的]
intrinsic a.本身的;内在的 [ME, = interior,<F intrins ue<LL
intrinsecus<L
intrinsecus(adv)inwardly]
introspect v.内省,内观
introvert n.内向者;自省者 [INTRO-+vert as in INVERT]
intrude v.闯入;打扰 [L intrudere intrus-(IN-, trudere
thrust)intrusion闯
入;侵入;干扰]
intuition n.直觉(力)
[LL intuitio(INTUIT 由直觉知道)intuitive直观 (直觉) 的 an
~ person 有直觉力
的人 an ~ response 直觉的反应
inundate v.淹没;使充满 [L inundare flow(IN-, unda wave)inundation淹水,洪
水,大水,充满]
invalidate v.使作废 [medL invalidare invalidat-(IN-,
validus VALID)
invalid病人;伤患士兵a病弱的]
invective n.痛骂;恶意抨击 [ME<OF<LL invectivus attacking(INVEIGH痛骂;谩
骂)]
inveigh v.痛骂;谩骂 [L invehi go into, assail(IN-, vehi
passive of
vehere vect- carry)]
inveigle v.诱骗 [earlier envegle<AF envegler, OF
aveugler to
blind<aveugle blind prob<Rmc ab oculis(unrecorded)withou
martinet n.厉行严格纪律的人 [J Martinet, 17th-c French drill-master]
masquerade n.画装舞会;参加化装舞会 [mascarade<Sp mascarada<m
scara mask]
massacre n.大屠杀;使惨败 [the Massacre of St Bartholomew(法国的)圣巴托罗
缪
大屠杀(<古法语"屠,宰")]
massive a.巨大的;重的;厚重的 [ME<F massif -ive<OF
massiz ult<L massa
MASS]
mast n.桅杆;首领;老师;基督 [rel to MEAT(<中OE "食物")肉;内容,实质
a speech
full of ~ 内容充实的演说]
masticate v.咀嚼 [LL masticare masticat-<Gk mastikhao
gnash the teeth
masticable 可咀嚼的;嚼得碎的]
materialize v.赋与实质;物质化
maternal a.母亲的 [ME<OF maternel or L maternus<mater
mother matriarchy妇
女统治]
matricide n.弑母 [L matricida, matricidium<mater
matris mother]
matrix n.模型;子宫;矩阵 [L, = breeding-female, womb, register<mater
matris mother]
maturity n.成熟;完成;到期;化脓
maudlin a.易伤感的 [ME<OF Madeleine<ecclL Magdalena
MAGDALEN, with ref
to pictures of Mary Magdalen weeping]
maul n.大槌;撕裂;粗暴对待 [ME<OF mail<L malleus hammer]
maunder v.絮聒 [perh<obs maunder beggar, to beg]
mausoleum n.陵墓 [L<Gk Mausoleion<Mausolos Mausolus
king of Caria(4th c
BC), to whose tomb the name was orig applied]
mauve n.淡紫色 [F, lit = mallow,<L malva]
mawkish a.令人作呕的 [obs mawk maggot<ON mathkr<Gmc
maw动物的胃]
maxim n.格言;箴言 [ME<F maxime or medL maxima(propositio),
fem adj
(MAXIMUM极大)]
mayhem n.伤害罪 [AF mahem, OF mayhem(MAIM)HEM边缘;包围]
meander v.蜿蜒而流 [L maeander<Gk Maiandros, the
name of a winding river
in Phrygia]
measured a.精确的;基于标准的
meddlesome a.爱管闲事的 [MEDDLE干涉]
mediate v.调停;作...之中间者 [LL mediare mediat-<L medius
middle]
mediocre a.平常的;普通的
[F mediocre or<L mediocris of middle height or
degree<medius
middle+ocris rugged mountain mediocrity 平凡;凡人
meditation n.沉思;考虑
medium n.媒介物;方法;环境;中央 [L, = middle, neut of medius]
medley n.混合 [ME<OF medlee var of meslee<Rmc(MEDDLE)]
meek a.温柔的;谦恭的;懦弱的 [ME me(o)c<ON mj*kr soft,
gentle]
megalopolis n.大城市 [MEGA-+Gk polis city]
melancholy n.忧郁;意气消沉 [<Gk melagkholia<melas
melanos black+khole
bile]
melee n.混战;群殴 [a fist-swinging ~ 互殴的混战 the ~ around
the bargain
counter 围在特价品贩卖柜台四周的混乱人群]
mellifluous a.流畅的 [ME<OF melliflue or LL mellifluus<mel
honey+fluere
flow]
memento n.纪念品;令人回忆的东西 [L, imper of meminisse remember]
memorial a.纪念碑 [ME<OF memorial or L memorialis(MEMORY)
memorialize 纪
念]
menace v.n.威胁;胁迫 [ME ult<L minax -acis threatening<minari
threaten]
menagerie n.动物园;人物荟集
[F menagerie(MeNAGE(<F "家政")The office
is a ~ of egotists and
sycophants 该办公室乃是自私者与 谄媚者汇集之处
mendacious a.好说谎的;不诚实的 [L mendax -dacis perh<mendum
fault
mendacity 撒谎(的习惯、性格)虚伪;谎言(lie)]
mendicant n.乞丐 [L mendicare beg<mendicus beggar<mendum
fault]
menial a.奴仆的;卑贱的 [ME<OF meinee household]
mentor n.良师 [F<L<Gk Mentor adviser of the
young Telemachus in Homer's
Odyssey and Fenelon's Telemaque]
mercantile a.商人的;贸易的 [F<It<mercante MERCHANT商人;商业的
merchandise
商品]
mercenary a.图利的 [ME<L mercenarius<merces -edis
reward]
merchandise n.v.商品;存货;交易;买卖
mercurial a.多变的 [ME<OF mercuriel or L mercurialis
(MERCURY汞;使者)]
mere a.小湖 [OE<Gmc]
meretricious a.粉饰的;俗气的 [L meretricius<meretrix
-tricis
prostitute<mereri be hired MERETRIX妓女]
merit v.功绩;价值;真相 [ME<OF merite<L meritum price,
values, = pp. of
mereri earn, deserve]
mesa n.台地 [Sp, lit table,<L mensa]
mesmerize v.施以催眠术 [<奥地利医生Mesmer,创始催眠术]
mesoscale n.中等规模
metamorphosis n.蜕变;变形 [L<Gk metamorphosis<metamorphoo
transform(META-
变化, morphoo<morphe form)]
metaphor n.隐喻 [F metaphore or L metaphora<Gk
metaphora<metaphero
transfer metaphorical隐喻性的,比喻性的]
metaphysical a.形而上学的;抽象的
mete v.测量;分配 [ME<OF<L meta boundary, goal
~ out justice 给与公平的赏
罚]
meteoric a.流星的;昙花一现的 [meteor 流星;陨石]
meticulous a.小心翼翼的 [L meticulosus<metus fear]
metonymy n.转喻;换喻 [LL metonymia<Gk metonumia(META-,
onoma, onuma
name)]
metropolis n.首府;大城市 [LL<Gk metropolis parent
State<meter metros
mother+polis city]
mettle n.勇气;精神 [(metal 的变体字)put (set) a person on
his ~ 使某人奋
发,激励某人]
mettlesome a.勇敢的;有生气的
mews n.马厩 [pl(now used as sing)of MEW巢;咪咪;海鸥, orig
of the royal
stables on the site of hawks' mews at Charing] [Cross]
miasma n.瘴气 [Gk, = defilement,<miaino pollute]
microcosm n.小天地;小宇宙;小世界 [<Gk mikros kosmos little
world]
mien n.风采;态度 [prob<obs demean<DEMEAN, assim
to F mine expression]
migrant a.移居的
migratory a.流动的;移动的
milieu n.(个人所处的)社会环境 [F<mi MID+lieu place]
militant a.态度强硬的;好战的 [ME<OF<L(MILITATE)]
militate v.发生作用;影响
[L militare militat-<miles militis soldier;Circumstances
~d agains this
success 环境对他的成 功有不利 的影响
millennium n.一千年;太平盛世 [modL<L mille thousand
after BIENNIUM二年之期
间 millenarian 属于或相信 millenium 的.n.相信] [millenium
的人]
mimic a.丑角;摹写品 [L mimicus<Gk mimikos(MIME)mimicry模仿;仿造品;拟态]
minatory a.威胁的;恫吓的 [LL minatorius<minari minat-
threaten]
mince v.切碎;装模作样地行动 [ME<OF mincier ult<L(MINUTIA细节;琐事)]
mincing a.装模作样的;矫饰的
mire n.泥沼;困境;污辱 [ME<ON m*rr<Gmc, rel to MOSS泥沼]
mirth n.欢笑;愉快;高兴 [OE myrgth(MERRY)mirthful 愉快的;高兴的
mirthless
不快乐的;悲伤的;阴森的]
misadventure n.不幸;灾难 [ME<OF mesaventure<mesavenir
turn out badly(MIS-
, ADVENT: cf A
orientation n.适应(环境);指导 [app<ORIENT]
orifice n.口;孔;洞 [F<LL orificium<os oris mouth+facere
make]
orison n.祈祷 [ME<AF ureison, OF oreison<L(ORATION演说;致词;叙述法)]
ornate a.装饰华丽的 [ME<L ornatus pp. of ornare adorn]
orotund a.宏亮的;夸张的 [L ore rotundo with rounded mouth]
orphan n.a.v.孤儿;使成孤儿
oscillate v.游移不定;踌躇 [L oscillare oscillat- swing]
ossify v.骨化 [F ossifier<L os ossis bone]
ostensible a.表面的;假装的 [F<medL ostensibilis<L
ostendere ostens-
stretch out to view(OB-, tendere stretch)]
ostracize v.摒弃;排斥 [Gk ostrakizo<ostrakon shell,
potsherd(used to
write a name on in voting)]
otiose a.无效的;多余的 [L otiosus<otium leisure]
outbid v.出高于...的价钱
outgoing a.外出的;出发的
outlandish a.古怪的 [OE utlendisc<utland foreign
country<OUT+LAND]
outrage n.v.粗暴;暴力;伤害 [ME<OF outrage<outrer
exceed<outre<L ultra
beyond outrageous粗暴的;无礼的]
ovation n.热烈欢迎;鼓掌;大受欢迎 [L ovatio<ovare exult]
overhaul v.分解检查;精细检查 [orig Naut, = release(rope-tackle)by
slackening slacken 放松<away, off>]
overlap v.重复
overshadow v.遮阴;使失色;胜过 [E ofersceadwian(OVER-, SHADOW)]
overweening a.过分的;自负的
overwhelm v.淹没;受打击
overwrought a.过度紧张 [overwork的过去式过去分词]
ovine a.绵羊的;似绵羊的 [LL ovinus<L ovis sheep]
pacifist n.非战主义者
paean n.赞美歌;欢乐歌 [L<Doric Gk paian hymn of thanksgiving
to Apollo
(under the name of Paian)]
pagan n.异教徒 [ME<L paganus villager, rustic<pagus
country district: in
Christian L = civilian, heathen paganism 异教];[ 异教信仰;偶像崇拜
pageant n.盛会;游行;露天历史剧 [ME pagyn, the ~ of historical
events 一连
串引人注目的历史事件(<L."舞台")]
pal n.伙伴;共犯 [Romany = brother, mate, ult<Skr
bhratr BROTHER]
palatable a.怡人的;味美的 [palate上颚;味觉;趣味,嗜好ME<L palatum]
palatial a.壮丽堂皇的 [L(PALACE)]
palaver a.空谈;闲谈;奉承 [Port palavra word<L(PARABLE寓言;比喻,譬语(<G."比
较")]
palette n.调色盘 [F, dimin of pale shovel<L pala
spade]
pall v.使生厌 [The novelty will soon ~ on them 那种新奇不久就会使他们感到厌
倦 APPAL吓唬,使惊骇 The sight] [~ed me 那景象使我心惊胆战]
palladium n.智慧女神之像;保障物 [ME<L<Gk palladion
image of Pallas
(Athene), a protecting deity]
pallet n.简陋的小床 [F palette: PALETTE 调色板 (盘) (一套的)颜料(画家、绘
画的)色彩范围 (种类)]
palliate v.减轻;缓和(病、痛等) [LL palliare to cloak<pallium
cloak
palliation(过失的)减轻 辩解;缓和的办法,姑息手段]
pallid a.苍白的;呆板的 [L pallidus PALE]
pallor n.(脸色)苍白;青白;灰白 [L<pallere be pale;a deathly
~ 死人般的苍白]
palpable a.易察觉的;可触知的 [ME<LL palpabilis(PALPATE(医)触诊]
palpitate v.急速地跳动;抖动 [L palpitare frequent of palpare
touch
gently]
paltry a.微不足道的 [16th c:<paltry trash app<palt,
pelt rubbish+-RY(cf
trumpery): cf LG paltrig ragged]
pamphlet n.小册子;时事论文小册子 [ME<Pamphilet, the familiar
name of the
12th-c Latin love poem Pamphilus seu de Amore]
pan n.平锅;药室;盘状的洼地 [Hindi<Skr parna feather, leaf]
panacea n.万灵药 [L<Gk panakeia<panakes all-healing(PAN-,
akos remedy)]
pandemonium n.喧嚣;骚乱 [modL(place of all demons in
Milton's Paradise
Lost)<PAN-+Gk daimon DEMON 希腊神话中介于神]人[ 之间的恶魔(<L."恶鬼")
pander v.为淫媒;迎合 [Pandare, a character in Boccaccio
and in Chaucer's
Troilus and Criseyde,<L Pandarus<Gk Pandaros]
panegyric n.颂词;褒词 [F panegyrique<L panegyricus<Gk
panegurikos of
public assembly(PAN-, eguris = agora assembly)]
panic n.惊慌;恐慌;非常有趣的人 [OE<L panicum<panus thread
on bobbin,
millet-ear<Gk penos web 蜘蛛网(cobweb)设计的圈套,阴谋,]
[阱(of)]
panoply n.全副盔甲 [F panoplie or modL panoplia full
armour<Gk(PAN-,
oplia<hopla arms)]
panorama n.全景;范围 [PAN-+Gk horama view<horao see]
pantheism n.宇宙即神论;多神崇拜 [PAN-+Gk theos god]
pantomime n.哑剧;手势 [F pantomime or L pantomimus<Gk
pantomimos(PANTO-,
MIME哑剧)]
par n.同等;票面价格;平均量 [L(adj & n)= equal, equality]
parable n.寓言;警语 [ME<OF parabole<LL sense 'allegory,
discourse' of L
parabola comparison]
paradigm n.典范;词之变化例 [LL paradigma<Gk paradeigma<paradeiknumi
show
side by side(PARA-, deiknumi show)paradigmatic ]模
[的,例证的;词形变化(表)
的]
paradox n.似非而是的隽语 [<Gk paradoxon neut adj(PARA-旁边,
doxa
opinion)]
paragon n.模范;优秀的人物 [obs F<It paragone touchstone,<medGk
parakone
whetstone]
parallel a.平行;相似 [F parall e<L parallelus<Gk
parallelos(PARA-,
allelos one another)]
paramount a.最高的;至上的;主要的 [AF paramont<OF par by+amont
above: cf
AMOUNT]
paramour n.奸夫(妇);情夫(妇) [ME<OF par amour by love]
paranoia n.偏执狂;妄想狂 [modL<Gk<paranoos distracted(PARA-旁边,
noos
mind)]
paraphernalia n.装备;随身用品 [rig = property owned by
a married
woman,<medL paraphernalia<LL parapherna<Gk
parapherna property apart]
[from a dowry(PARA-, pherna f]
paraphrase v.意译;改写 [F paraphrase or L paraphrasis<Gk
paraphrasis<paraphrazo(PARA- phrazo tell)]
parasite n.寄生虫;寄生植物 [PARA-, sitos food parasitic
寄食的,靠别人为生
的 nit 虱及其他寄生虫的卵]
parch v.使焦干 [ME perch, parche, PARCHED<地面等>干透的,焦干的
The ground
was ~ 地面干透了]
paregoric n.止痛药;缓和剂 [LL paregoricus<Gk paregorikos
soothing(PARA-
, -agoros speaking<agora assembly)pare(用刀子)削<]
[果、马铃薯等>的皮]
pariah n.被社会遗弃者 [Tamil paraiyar pl of paraiyan hereditary
drummer<parai drum]
parity n.相同;类似 [formed as -PAROUS + -ITY]
parlance n.说法;语调 [OF<parler speak, ult<L parabola(see
PARABLE): in
LL = 'speech' way or manner of talking or speaking]
parl
premise v.立前提 [<medL praemissa(propositio)(proposition)set
in front<L
praemittere praemiss-(PRAE-, mittere send)]
premium n.额外费用;额外价格 [L praemium booty, reward(PRAE-,
emere buy,
take)]
premonition n.预告;前兆 [F premonition or LL praemonitio<L
praemonere
praemonit-(PRAE-, monere warn)]
preoccupied a.被先占的;一心一意的
preponderance n.优势;优越
preposterous a.反常的;荒谬的 [L praeposterus reversed,
absurd(PRAE-,
posterus coming after)(反)credible;rational]
prerogative n.特权 [ME<OF prerogative or L praerogativa
privilege(orig
to vote first)<praerogativus asked first(PRAE-,
rogare] [ask)]
presage v.预示;成为前兆 [ME<F presage, presager<L
praesagium<praesagire
forebode(PRAE-, sagire perceive keenly)]
presentiment n.预感;预觉 [obs F presentiment(PRE-, SENTIMENT感情;意见)]
preserve v.保存;保持;装罐 [ME<OF preserver<LL praeservare(PRAE-,
servare
keep)]
prestige n.威望;声望 [<L., 本义是"魔术师的工夫",
后来变成]
presumption n.无礼;傲慢 [ME<OF presumpcion<L praesumptio
-onis(PRESUME 推
测,假定(<L."预取")]
pretence n.虚伪;借口 [ME<AF pretense ult<medL
pretensus pretended
(PRETEND)]
pretension n.自负;骄傲;主张;要求 [edL praetensio, -tio(PRETEND)
pretentious 矫饰的;自负的 I do not feel that your limited
resources
will] [permit you to carry out such a ~ program]
pretext n.借口;托辞 [L praetextus outward display<praetexere
praetext-
(PRAE-, texere weave编织)]
prevail v.优胜;达到目地;奏效 [ME<L praevalere(PRAE-,
valere have power),
infl by AVAIL有用;有利]
prevaricate v.搪塞;支吾其词 [L praevaricari walk crookedly,
practise
collusion, in ecclL transgress(PRAE-, varicari straddle<varus
bent,]
[knock-kneed)]
prevarication n.支吾;推诿;搪塞 [(<L."弯曲脚走")]
prey n.饵食;捕食;战利品 [ME<OF preie<L praeda booty]
prickle n.v.动植物皮上的刺;刺痛 [PRICK 刺;责备,踢(马);挑选 For the
blood
test, the doctor made a tiny ~ in my finger with
a needle prickl]y[多刺
的;针刺般痛]
prim a.拘泥形式的;一本正经的 [17th c: prob orig cant<OF
prin prime
excellent<L primus first]
primitive a.原始的;旧式的;自学的 [ME<OF primitif -ive
or L primitivus
first of its kind<primitus in the first place<primus
first]
primogeniture n.长子之身分 [medL primogenitura<L primo
first+genitura<gignere genit- beget]
princely a.像王子的 [prince n.亲王;王子;公爵;性情温和的人物 ME <OF
<L
princeps principis first, chief, sovereign <primus]
[first + capere
take]
pristine a.原始的;原有的 [L pristinus former]
privy a.私用的;隐密的 [ME<OF prive<L privatus PRIVATE]
probation n.实验;试用;缓刑 [ME<OF probation or L probatio(PROVE)]
probe v.探测 [LL proba proof, in medL = examination,<L
probare test]
probity n.刚直;廉洁 [F probite or L probitas<probus
good]
procession n.游行;祈祷游行圣歌 [E<OF<L processio -onis(PROCEED)]
proclivity n.癖性;倾向 [L proclivitas<proclivis inclined(PRO-,
clivus
slope)]
procrastinate v.拖延;迟滞 [L procrastinare procrastinat-(PRO-,
crastinus
of tomorrow<cras tomorrow)]
prodigal a.浪费的;奢侈的 [medL prodigalis<L prodigus
lavish]
prodigious a.奇异的;巨大的 [L prodigiosus(PRODIGY非凡的人;天才
不可思议之
物;壮观,奇观]
prodigy n.惊异;非凡;怪物 [L prodigium portent]
profane v.玷污 [ME prophane<OF prophane or medL
prophanus<L profanus
before(ie outside)the temple, not sacred(PRO-,]
[fanum temple)]
profile n.侧面像;轮廓 [obs It profilo, profilare(PRO-,
filare spin<L
filare<filum thread)]
profiteer n.得不正当利益者;奸商 [PROFIT profitless无益的]
profligate a.行为不检的;浪费的 [L profligatus dissolute,
pp. of
profligare overthrow, ruin(PRO-, fligere strike
down)]
profound a.深奥的;意味深长的 [ME<AF & OF profund,
profond<L profundus deep
(PRO-, fundus bottom)profundity 深,深度;奥妙 I] [wouldn't
claim to have
fully grasped the ~ of it]
profusion n.挥霍;丰富 [profuse 不吝惜的;豪爽的;奢侈的(PRO-向前,
fundere
fus- pour)My ~ apologies if I have offended you
in any] [way]
progenitor n.祖先;起源 [ME<OF progeniteur<L progenitor
-oris<progignere
progenit-(PRO-, gignere beget)]
progeny n.子孙;后裔 [ME<OF progenie<L progenies<progignere(PROGENITOR)]
prognosis n.病状之预断;预测 [LL<Gk prognosis(PRO-, gignosko
know)]
prognosticate v.预言;预示 [medL prognosticare(PROGNOSTIC前兆;预测)]
prohibitive a.禁止的;类同禁止的 [prohibitif -ive or L prohibitivus
(PROHIBIT禁止)]
projectile n.投射物;发射体 [PRO-, jacere throw)]
proletarian n.a.无产阶级(的) [L proletarius one who served
the State not
with property but with offspring(proles)]
proliferate v.增殖;增生 [<F proliferation PRO-向前
LIFER后代]
prolific a.多产的 [medL prolificus(PROLIFEROUS)]
prolix a.冗长的;罗嗦的 [ME<OF prolixe or L prolixus
poured forth,
extended(PRO-, liquere be liquid)]
prolong v.延伸;拖长;发长音 [ME<OF prolonger &<LL
prolongare(PRO-, longus
long)]
promenade n.漫步;行列;舞会 [F<se promener walk, refl
of promener take
for a walk]
promethean a.普罗米修斯的 [Prometheus(希腊神话)普洛米修斯 因盗天火给人类而受
惩,被绑在岩石上,肝脏为老鹰所啄食)]
promiscuity n.混乱;混淆不辨;杂婚 [(<L."掺合")]
promiscuous a.一团糟的;漫无目的的 [L promiscuus(PRO-, miscere
mix混乱)
MISCELLANEOUS混杂的 promiscuity混乱;杂乱]
prompt a.敏捷的;即时的;促使 [ME<OF prompt or L promptus
pp. of promere
prompt- produce(PRO-, emere take)prompting刺激;激励];[
暗示;提示台词
promptness敏捷,机敏
promulgate v.宣布;散播 [L promulgare(PRO-, mulgere milk,
cause to come
forth)]
prone a.有...倾向的;俯卧的 [ME<L pronus<pro forwards]
pronounced a.明白的;断然的;决然的
prop n.命题;顶杠 [ME
repudiate v.否认;拒绝 [L repudiare<repudium divorce]
repugnance n.嫌恶
[ME(in sense 2)<F repugnance or L repugnantia<repugnare
oppose(RE-,
pugnare fight)repugnant讨厌的, 不愉快的;厌恶的
repulse v.逐退;击退;辩驳;拒绝 [L repellere repuls- drive
back(REPEL击退)
repulsive辞退的;冷淡的;厌恶的 I have seldom had so ~ an]
[experience as
the tour of that abattoir]
requiem n.安灵弥撒;安魂曲 [ME<accus of L requies rest,
the initial word
of the mass]
requisite n.必要品;要件 [prerequisite预先非有不可的;必须的;首要事物
Naval
service is a ~ condition for joining the club] [requisition
请求;命令;必
要条件]
requite v.报酬;报复 [RE-+quite QUIT requital还礼;报仇 I
look forward to
an opportunity to make ~ for all the favours you
have] [done for me]
rescind v.撤消 [L rescindere resciss-(RE-, scindere
cut)]
rescission n.废除;取消
resemblance n.类似点;外观;酷似 [E<AF(RESEMBLE类似)]
reserve v.贮存;话语不多 [ME<OF reserver<L reservare(RE-,
servare keep)
reservoir水库]
residence n.住宅;居住;居留权 [ME<OF residence or medL
residentia<L
residere: RESIDE居住]
residue n.残余 [ME<OF residu<L residuum: RESIDUUM=residue
residual 剩余
的;残渣的;余数的]
resignation n.放弃;辞职;屈从 [RE-, signare sign]
resilient a.有弹性的;活泼的 [L resiliens resilient-(RESILE)resilience,-cy
弹回;弹性;弹力;愉快]
resonant a.回响的;共鸣的 [F resonnant or L resonare resonant-(RE-,
sonare sound)resonance共鸣;反响;共振]
resort v.去;屡次往访;依靠;滞留 [ME<OF resortir(RE-, sortir
come or go
out)]
respective a.分别的;各自的;个别的 [respectif -ive<medL
respectivus(RESPECT
尊重)respecter尊敬的人;趋炎附势者]
respite n.缓刑;休息 [ME<OF respit<L respectus
RESPECT尊重]
resplendent ad.灿烂的;辉煌的 [ME<L resplendere(RE-,
splendere glitter闪闪
发光 All that ~s is not gold]
restitution n.赔偿 [ME<OF restitution or L restitutio<restituere
restitut- restore(RE-, statuere establish)]
restive a.不安宁的;动乱的 [ME<OF restif -ive<Rmc(REST)]
restrain v.压抑;抑制 [<L restringere restrict-(RE-,
stringere tie)
(restraint n抑制;制止;禁止 The law places ~s on executives']
buying [and
selling shares in their own c]
resume v.取回;重新开始;再继续 [ME<OF resumer or L resumere
resumpt-(RE-,
sumere take)resumption取回;恢复;再开始;继续]
resurgent a.复活的;再起的 [L resurgere resurrect-(RE-,
surgere rise)
resurgence再起;复活;再现]
resuscitate v.使复活;恢复 [L resuscitare(RE-, suscitare
raise)]
retaliate v.报复;回敬 [L retaliare(RE-, talis such)]
retard v.减速;迟缓;妨碍 [F retarder<L retardare(RE-,
tardus slow)retarded
智力迟钝的]
retentive a.保留的;记性好的 [ME<OF retentif -ive or
medL retentivus(RETAIN
保持)retention保有;维持;保持力;记忆力]
reticence n.沉默;缄口 [L reticentia<reticere(RE-,
tacere be silent)
reticent无言的;沉默的;谨慎的]
reticulated a.网状的 [reticulation网眼;网状组织 reticular
网状的;蜂窝状的
错综复杂的]
retinue n.侍从;随员 [ME<OF retenue fem pp. of retenir
RETAIN]
retort v.回嘴;反击;报复;蒸馏器 [F retorte<medL retorta
fem pp. of
retorquere: He ~ed that it was no business of mine
他反 驳说我管不着]
retract v.缩回;取消;撤回 [L retrahere or(in sense 1)retractare(RE-,
trahere tract- draw)(retraction撤消;收回 He dropped
his libel suit
after] [the newspaper published a ~.)]
retreat n.v.撤退;避难所 [ME<OF retret(n), retraiter(v)<L
retrahere:
RETRACT]
retribution n.报应;惩罚 [ME<LL retributio(RE-, tribuere
tribut- assign)
retributive报应的]
retrieve v.恢复;寻回 [ME<OF retroeve- stressed stem
of retrover(RE-,
trover find)(retrieval n取回;恢复;修补)]
retroactive a.(法律)有追溯力的
retrograde v.退化;衰落 [ME<L retrogradus(RETRO-,
gradus step, gradi walk)
retrogress倒退,后退;退步;退化 ETRO-, after] [PROGRESS]
retrospective a.回顾的;追想的 [ETRO-, after PROSPECT n]
revelation n.揭示;泄露的事实 [E<OF revelation or LL
revelatio(REVEAL揭
示)]
revelry n.狂欢;饮宴作乐
revenge n.报仇;报复;雪耻 [ME<OF revenger, revencher<LL
revindicare(RE-,
vindicare lay claim to)]
reverberate v.回声;反响 [L reverberare(RE-, verberare
lash<verbera(pl)
scourge)reverberant,-ative 反响的;反射的]
reverence n.尊敬 [ME<OF<L reverentia(REVERE崇敬)reverent尊敬的;虔诚的]
reverie n.幻想;深思 [obs F resverie<OF reverie rejoicing,
revelry<rever
be delirious]
reverse v.颠倒;取消;反转 [ME<OF revers(n), reverser(v),<L
revertere
revers-(RE-, vertere turn)reversion退回;隔代遗传;继承权]
revile v.辱骂;诽谤 [ME<OF reviler(RE-, VILE)]
revolt n.叛乱;造反;呕心 [F revolter<It rivoltare ult<L
revolvere(REVOLVE旋
转)revolting背叛的;叛乱的;讨厌的]
revulsion n.(感情上的)突变 [F revulsion or L revulsio(RE-,
vellere vuls-
pull)]
rhapsody n.叙事诗;溢美之词;狂想曲 [L rhapsodia<Gk rhapsoidia(RHAPSODE)
rhapsodize用狂文(诗)描述;过分赞美 He ~d over (about, on) the]
[victory 他
狂热地谈论胜利的事]
rhetoric n.修辞学;浮夸之言语 [<Gk rhetorike(tekhne)(art)of
rhetoric
(RHETOR 修辞学家,修辞学教师 演说家]
ribald a.下流的;猥亵的 [ME(earlier sense 'low-born retainer')<OF
ribau(l)
d<riber pursue licentious pleasures<Gmc]
riddle v.解谜;穿孔 [OE hriddel, earlier hrider: cf hridrian
sift]
rife a.众多的;流行的 [OE ryfe prob<ON r*fr acceptable<reifa
enrich,
reifr cheerful]
rifle n.来福枪;步枪;洗劫 [rifle <德语,义为"作沟槽"首先用以指在
枪膛中的螺旋
状沟槽(即来复线(rifling),后枪膛中的螺旋状] [槽(即来复线(rifling)]
rift n.裂口;不和 [a ~ in the clouds (curtains) 云缝 (窗帘的间隙)
a ~
between the two parties 两(政)党间的失和]
rigor n.严厉;苛刻 [rigorous严厉的;严酷的 OF rigorous or LL
rigorosus]
rime n.白霜 [rime riche(法)完全押韵(不仅母音相同, 在母音前后之子音亦相同的押
韵, 如write-right 或port deport];[亦称 identical rhyme)]
ringlet n.卷发;小圈;小环
sober a.清醒的;朴素的;稳重的 [ME<OF sobre<L sobrius;sob
sister报导伤感消息
的(女)记者]
sobriety n.清醒;严肃 [ME<OF sobriete or L sobrietas(SOBER)]
sobriquet n.别名;绰号 [F, orig = 'tap under the chin']
sociable a.好交际的 [L sociabilis<sociare to unite<socius
companion
socialite名士]
socratic a.苏格拉底的;其哲学的 [Socrates苏格拉底(470?-399BC;古代雅典的哲学
家)]
sojourn v.逗留;寄居 [ME<OF sojorn etc<LL SUB-+diurnum
day]
solace n.安慰 [ME<OF solas<L solatium<solari
CONSOLE安慰]
solicit v.恳请;诱惑;强拖死拉 [ME<OF solliciter<L sollicitare
agitate<sollicitus anxious<sollus entire+citus
pp., = set in motion]
[solicitation恳求,引诱]
solicitous a.渴望的;焦虑的 [L sollicitus(SOLICIT 恳请;乞求;诱惑;强拖死拉)]
soliloquy n.自言自语;独白 [LL soliloquium<L solus alone+loqui
speak]
solitary a.孤零零一个人的;独居的 [ME<L solitarius<solus
alone]
solitude n.独居;寂寞 [ME<OF solitude or L solitudo<solus
alone]
solo n.独奏;单独飞行 [It<L solus alone]
solstice n.至;至日;至点 [ME<OF<L solstitium<sol
sun+sistere stit- make
stand]
solvent a.能偿债的 [solvency 偿付能力;资力;溶解力]
somatic a.身体的;肉体的 [Gk somatikos(SOMA(生物)(生物之)躯体,体干(生殖细胞
除外)]
somnambulist n.梦游者
somnolent a.想睡的 [ME<OF sompnolent or L somnolentus<somnus
sleep]
sonorous a.宏亮的 [L sonorus<sonor sound;sonority
响亮;(声音的)响亮程度]
soothsayer n.预言者;占卜者 [ME, = one who says the truth:
SOOTH真实]
sophist n.诡辩家 [Gk sophistes<sophizomai: SOPHISM诡辩<sophos
wise]
sophisticated a.老练的;世故的
sophomoric a.一知半解的
soporific n.催眠剂 [L sopor sleep+-FIC]
sordid a.肮脏的;不干净的;下贱的 [F sordide or L sordidus<sordere
be
dirty]
soupcon n.轻微;少量之形迹或气味 [Give it a ~ of garlic (humor)
给它添加少许
蒜味(一丝幽默)]
sovereign a.具有主权的;独立自主的 [ME<OF soverain<L:
-g- by assoc with
reign]
spacious a.广大的;大规模的;广泛的 [ME<OF spacios or L spatiosus(SPACE)]
spanking a.速度快的;健步而跑的 [spank一巴掌打下;(以鞭打着)催]
sparing a.节约的;吝啬的;爱惜的
spark n.火花;发火装置;萌芽 [sparkle火花;闪烁;闪亮 The setting
sun ~d on
the sea.]
sparse a.稀少的;稀疏的 [L sparsus pp. of spargere scatter]
spasm n.抽筋;发作 [ME<OF spasme or L spasmus<Gk
spasmos, spasma<spao
pull]
spasmodic a.间歇的;突发性的 [modL spasmodicus<Gk spasmodes(SPASM)]
spate n.洪水泛滥;倾吐;滔滔不绝 [a ~ of words 突然侃侃说出的话]
spatial a.空间的 [L spatium space]
spatula n.(涂敷或搅拌用的)抹刀 [L, var of spathula, dimin
of spatha SPATHE
(植物)佛焰苞]
spawn v.产卵 [ME<AF espaundre shed roe, OF espandre
EXPAND]
specimen n.样品;标本;试销品 [L<specere look]
specious a.似是而非的;假贫伪善的 [ME, = beautiful, speciosity虚有其表;像有
道理]
speck n.点;斑点;细片;细粒 [OE specca: cf SPECKLE]
spectral a.幽灵的 [specter幽灵;鬼怪]
spectrum n.光谱 [L, = image, apparition<specere
look]
speculate v.深思熟虑;推测;投机 [L speculari spy out, observe<specula
watch-tower<specere look]
spendthrift n.挥霍无度的人;放荡者
spike n.大钉 [ME, = ear of corn,<L SPICA 穗形绷带;人字形绷带]
spineless a.没有骨气的;懦弱的
spiral a.螺线 [F spiral or medL spiralis(SPIRE尖塔;耸立)]
spire n.尖塔;尖顶顶峰 [F<L spira<Gk speira coil]
spite n.恶意;怨恨;故意刁难 [ME<OF despit DESPITE]
splendid a.光辉灿烂的;了不起的 [L splendidus SPLENDENT光亮的;豪华的splendor
灿烂,堂皇]
splenetic a.易怒的;坏脾气的 [SPLEEN脾脏;发脾气;怨恨complaisant讨人喜爱的,殷
勤的]
splice v.接合;叠接;使结婚 [prob<MDu splissen , of uncert
orig]
splinter n.碎片;刺;分裂 [ME<MDu同 LG)splinter, splenter,
rel to SPLINT]
split v.劈开;绝交;分配;密告 [orig Naut<MDu splitten,
rel to spletten,
spliten, MHG splizen]
splurge n.炫耀;夸示;;炫耀;卖弄 [19th-c. US: prob. imit.]
spoliation n.掠夺;毁弃 [ME<L spoliatio(SPOIL)]
spontaneous a.自然的;天然产的 [L spontaneus<sponte of
one's own accord
spontaneity自然发生]
spontaneously n.一时冲动本能作出的事
spool n.线轴;缠线;录音带用的轴 [ME<OF espole or<MLG
spole, MDu spoele,
OHG spuolo]
sporadic a.零星的;偶尔发生的 [<Gk sporadikos<sporas
-ados scattered: cf
speiro to sow]
sport n.消遣;运动;炫耀;卖弄 [ME<DISPORT嬉戏,玩耍,游戏]
spout v.喷出;滔滔而辩;典当 [ME<MDu spouten, orig imit]
sprawl v.伸展手足;蔓延;歪斜 [OE spreawlian]
spray n.小枝;水花 [ME<OE spr (unrecorded)]
spruce n.赤松;整洁的;打扮漂亮的 [~ oneself up for dinner 为赴晚宴而装扮自
己]
spume n.泡沫 [ME<OF(e)spume or L spuma]
spurious a.假的;伪造的 [L spurius false]
squad n.小队;班 [F escouade var of escadre<It squadra
SQUARE]
squalid a.污秽的;凄惨的 [L squalidus<squalere be rough
or dirty]
squall v.悲呜;尖叫 [prob<SQUEAL after BAWL]
squander v.浪费
squelch v.压扁;使静默下来
squib n.讽刺;爆竹
stab v.戳;刺伤 [ME: cf dial stob in sense of v]
staccato a.断音的;突然中断的 [It, pp. of staccare = distaccare
DETACH分
离]
stagger v.蹒跚 [staggering蹒跚的,使惊愕的 a ~ gait 摇晃的步态]
stagnant a.停滞的;不活泼的 [L stagnare stagnant-<stagnum
pool]
staid a.稳重的;沉着的 [同 stayed, pp. of STAY]
stain v.斑点 [ME<distain<OF desteindre desteign-(DIS-,
TINGE淡色;气味)]
stake n.桩;火刑;赌;赌金;悬赏 [16th c: perh<STAKE]
stale a.不新鲜的;发霉的;陈腐的 [ME, perh<OF estaler adopt
a position(cf
STALE]
stalemate n.僵持状态;胶着状态 [obs stale(f AF estale<estaler
be placed:
cf STALE)+MATE]
stalk v.高视阔步;偷偷走近 [OE<Gmc, rel to STEAL]
stall n.厩;摊位 [stall pickpocket's confederate, orig
'decoy', rel to
STALL]
stalwart a.壮健的;坚定的 [Sc var of obs stalworth<OE
st'lwierthe<st'l
place, WORTH]
stamina n.体力;精力;耐力 [L, pl of STAMEN in sense 'warp,
threads spun
by the Fates']
stammer v.n.口吃;结结巴巴地说 [OE stamerian<WG]
stance n.站姿;准备击球姿势 [F<It stanz
tiff n.v.(酒的)一口;呕气 [have a ~ with ┅ 与…发生小口角 be in
a ~ 在生气
(不高兴)]
tilt v.倾斜;攻击;用轮锤锻 [ME tilte perh<an OE form rel
to tealt
unsteady]
timber n.木材;树木;品质;素质 [OE, = building,<Gmc]
timbre n.音色;音质 [F<Rmc<medGk timbanon<Gk
tumpanon drum]
timidity n.胆小;胆怯
timorous a.胆小的;怯弱的 [ME<OF temoreus<medL timorosus<L
timor<timere
fear]
tipple v.常饮酒;酗酒 [ME, back-form<tippler酒鬼,酒量大的人]
tirade n.冗长的攻击性演说 [F, = long speech,<It tirata
volley<tirare
pull<Rmc]
titanic a.巨大的;极其有力的 [TITAN(希神)泰坦族, 天神尤拉那斯(Uranus)和地神吉
亚(Gaea)所生子女所组成的巨人族 the weary ~] [疲乏的泰坦(指受罚以双肩掮天的阿
特拉斯(Atlas)神)]
tithe n.十分之一之税 [OE teogotha tenth]
titular a.名义上的 [F titulaire or modL titularis<titulus
TITLE标题;权利;
资格]
toady v.奉承 [contr of toad-eater, a charlatan's attendant
who ate toads
(regarded as poisonous)toad蟾蜍;讨厌之人(物)]
tocsin n.警铃;警声 [F<OF <Prov tocasenh<tocar
TOUCH+senh signal-bell]
toll v.呜(钟) [ME, special use of toll entice, pull,
(recorded in
fortyllan seduce)]
tome n.大册书;大本书 [F<L tomus<Gk tomos section,
volume<temno cut]
tonic a.滋补的;使精神振奋 [F tonique<Gk tonikos(TONE)]
tonsure n.剃发;削发 [TONSORIAL理发师的,理发的 a ~ artist (parlor)
理发师
(店)]
topography n.地形(学) [ME<LL topographia<Gk<topos
place]
topple v.瓦解;倾倒 [TOP+-LE]
torpid a.迟钝的;不活泼的 [L torpidus(TORPOR)]
torrid a.晒热的;烘热的 [F torride or L torridus<torrere
parch]
torso n.躯干;躯干像 [It, = stalk, stump, torso,<L
thyrsus]
tort n.民事的侵权或侵害 [ME<OF<medL tortum wrong,
neut pp. of L torquere
tort- twist]
tortuous a.弯曲的;歪曲的 [ME<OF<L tortuosus<tortus
a twist(TORT)]
totalitarian a.极权主义的;极权主义者
touchy a.过敏的;易怒的 [perh alt of TETCHY after TOUCH]
tout v.招来顾客;死乞白赖劝诱 [ME tute look out = ME(now dial)toot(OE
totian)<Gmc]
tow v.拖 [ME<MLG touw<OS tou, rel to ON t wool:
cf TOOL]
towering a.高耸的;极大的;激烈的
toxic a.有毒的 [<Gk toxikon(poison for)arrows<toxon
bow, toxa arrows
TOXICATION中毒 toxin毒素]
toy n.玩具;不认真考虑;玩弄 [16th c: earlier = dallying, fun,
jest, whim,
trifle]
tract n.广大的一片 [medL tractus(cantus)drawn-out(song),
pp. of L
trahere draw]
tractable a.易驾驭的;温顺的 [L tractabilis<tractare
handle, frequent of
trahere tract- draw]
traduce v.诋毁;中伤 [L traducere disgrace(TRANS-, ducere
duct- lead)]
trajectory n.弹道 [(orig adj)<L traicere traject-(TRANS-,
jacere throw)]
trammel n.拘束;束缚;束缚物 [in sense 'net' ME<OF tramail<medL
tramaculum,
tremaculum, perh formed as TRI-+macula(MAIL): later]
[history uncert]
tramp v.践踏;重步行走;慢慢走 [ME trampe<Gmc]
trample v.践踏;蹂躏 [ME<TRAMP+-LE]
tranquil a.安静的;稳静的 [F tranquille or L tranquillus
tranquility平静;安
静]
transaction n.处理;交易;议事记录 [E<LL transactio(TRANSACT办理;交易)]
transcend v.超越 [ME<OF transcendre or L transcendere(TRANS-,
scandere
climb)]
transcribe v.誊写;刊印 [L transcribere transcript-(TRANS-,
scribere
write)]
transfuse v.移注;倾注 [ME<L transfundere transfus-(TRANS-,
fundere
pour)]
transgress v.违背;违犯;超越 [TRANS-, gradi go transgression违背;犯规]
transition n.转移;转换 [F transition or L transitio(TRANSIT)]
translucent a.半透明的 [L translucere(TRANS-, lucere
shine)]
transmit v.寄;转送;传送;转达 [ME<L transmittere(TRANS-,
mittere miss-
send)]
transmute v.使变质;使变形 [ME<L transmutare(TRANS-,
mutare change)]
transparent a.透明的;明显的 [<L transparere shine through(TRANS-,
parere
appear)]
transpire v.泄露;为人所知 [F transpirer or medL transpirare(TRANS-,
L
spirare breathe)]
trash n.垃圾;废话;无聊作品
traumatic a.创伤的;外伤的 [TRAUMA外伤;精神创伤 Gk trauma traumatos
wound]
travail n.劳苦;阵痛 [<medL trepalium instrument of
torture<L tres
three+palus stake]
traverse v.走过;反对 [OF traverser TRANSVERSE横断物;横的]
travesty n.滑稽化;歪曲 [<disguise, change the clothes
of,< TRANS-,
vestire clothe]
trawl n.拖网;搜罗 [prob<MDu traghelen to drag(cf
traghel drag-net),
perh<L tragula]
treachery n.叛逆;背叛;变节;不忠 [<OF"欺骗"]
treatise n.论文;论说 [ME<AF tretis<OF traitier
TREAT]
trek v.旅行;移居 [SAfr Du trek(n), trekken(v)draw, travel]
tremor n.颤抖;震动 [ME<OF tremour & L tremor<tremere
tremble]
tremulous a.颤抖的;恐惧的 [L tremulus<tremere tremble]
trenchant a.尖刻的;清晰的 [ME<OF, part of trenchier:
TRENCH]
trend n.方位;方向;倾向;趋势 [ME 'revolve' etc<OE trendan<Gmc:
cf TRUNDLE小
车轮;滚动]
trepidation n.惊恐;战栗 [L trepidatio<trepidare be
agitated,
tremble,<trepidus alarmed]
trial n.尝试;试验;试用 [AF trial, triel<trier TRY]
tribulation n.苦难 [ME<OF< L tribulare press,
oppress, <terere trit-
rub]
tribute n.贡物;表尊敬之言辞行为 [tribut- assign, divide between
tribes
tributary纳贡的;从属的]
trickle v.滴流;滴下;细细地流 [ME trekel, trikle, prob imit]
trifle n.琐事 [ME<OF truf(f)le by-form of trufe
deceit]
trilogy n.三部曲 [Gk trilogia(TRI-, -LOGY)]
trim a.整齐的;谴责;修剪 [perh<OE trymman, trymian make
firm, arrange]
trite a.陈腐的 [L tritus pp. of terere rub]
trope n.借喻;比喻 [L tropus<Gk tropos turn, way,
trope<trepo turn]
trophy n.战利品;胜利纪念品 [F trophee<L trophaeum<Gk
tropaion<trope
rout<trepo turn]
troth n.诚实;允诺(结婚) [ME trowthe, for OE treowth TRUTH]
truce n.停战;休息 [ME trew(e)s(pl)<OE treow, rel
to TRUE]
truckle v.屈从;谄媚 [orig = wheel, pulley,<AF trocle<L
trochlea pulley]
truculent a.野蛮的;
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