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托福必考相近小词组群
作者：
mary-yue（托福上游）
----托福考试中的语法部分经常会有一些不显眼的意思相近小词作为考点，归纳一下考前必浏览一下的几个小词组群，必会让你事半功倍。
like / as
like
是介系词，必须接名词。
as
是连接词，必须接子句。
She sings
like an angel.
She sings
as an angel does.
due to / because of / because / for / since / as
due to
接受词，通常放在
be
动词之后。
His absence was
due to
illness.
because of
因为有介系词，必须接受词。
He canceled his r
eservation
because of
his cold.
because
作连接词，叙述理由，要接子句。
I don
’
t go to school
because
I had a bad headache.
for
作连接词，推测前句的理由，要接子句，但不能放在句首。
He was glad to go,
for
his grandmother had been good to him.
since
是连接词，语意没有
because
那么强，置于句首。
Since you are going to g
o to the post office, would you mail this letter ?
（既然你要去邮局，可以帮我寄这封信吗？）
as
作连接词，语意比
since
更弱。
As it was getting dark, we made for home.
compare to / compare with
compare to
（比喻、比作），作抽象事物之间的比较，而
compare with
则作一般事物的比较。
I should
compare
your eyes
to
diamonds.
我应该把你的眼睛比喻成钻石。
We can
’
t
compare
diamond
with
jade.
我们无法比较钻石和翡翠。
imply / infer
imply
是暗示、暗寓的意思
，
infer
则是由暗示、暗寓来推测结论。
The guest speaker
implied
that the scholar
’
s theory was wrong.
The fact may be
inferred
from his words.
watch / look / see
watch
是看着动态的景物，
l
ook
是看着静态的景物，
see
则广义地用于看见人或物
I am
watching
a baseball game/TV.
Look
at the picture on the wall.
I can
see
some roses in the vast.
scarcely /rarely /seldom / seldom, if ever / hardly ever
scarcely, rarely, seldom
和
hardly
放在句首时，主词和
be
动词或助动词要倒装。
seldom
和
rarely
是“很少”的意思，通常置于动词之前。
She had
seldom [or rarely]
written to her friend.
seldom if ever
和
hardly ever
是副词片语，意思皆为“几乎不…
.
”。
He
seldom,
if ever,
drinks.
He
hardly
ever
drinks.
kind of
this kind of
+
单数名词
=
these kind of +
复数名词，都指只有一个种类。
these kinds of
才指有很多种类
This kind of man
is dangerous. =
These kind of men
are dangerous.
（这种人很危险。）
These kinds of
trees are easy to grow. (
这些品种的树很容易长。
)
by / till
by
表示未来将完成的某一时间界限。
——
｜——————｜————
I will finish my paper
by
tomorrow.
现在
完成的时点
till
是表继续动作的终点
∨
∨
ˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉ继续ˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉ
I will be here
till
tomorrow.
现在——————→
线段终点
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