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托福考试词汇向导（ 之二）
Unit 6
blush v.害羞;脸红 [ME<OE blyscan]
bluster v.狂吹;咆哮 [16th c.: ult. imit.]
bode v.预示 [OE bodian<boda messenger送信的人,信差,报信者]
bog n.沼泽;泥塘
boggle v.n.惊跳;畏缩不前 [prob<dial
boggle BOGEY(高尔夫)以高于标准杆数(par)一杆入<洞> BOGY 似沼泽的;多沼泽的
BOG] [湿地,沼泽 陷于泥淖;变得动弹不得]
bogus a.假的;伪造的 [19th-c. US word]
boisterous a.喧闹的 [var of ME boistous]
bolster v.支持;援助;垫木 [20th c.: orig.
uncert.]
bolt n.闩门;螺钉脱党 [ME<OF bulter,
bulete]
bombardment n.炮击 [bombard 炮轰;轰炸
The artillery ~ed the enemy all day 炮兵终日炮轰敌人;质问
med.L bombarda a] [stone-throwing engine: BOMB]
bombastic a.夸大的 [earlier bombace
cotton wool<F<medL bombax -acis alt<bombyx;
bombast大话;夸大的]
bonanza n.富矿带;幸运物;幸运 [orig US<Sp,
= fair weather,<L bonus good]
bondage n.奴役;囚禁 [ME<AL bondagium:
infl by BOND 束缚;连结物;盟约;联盟]
bonfire n.(庆祝或信号)大沟火;火 [earlier
bonefire <BONE (bones being the chief material
formerly used) + FIRE]
bonnet n.妇女帽;共谋者 [ME<OF bonet
short for chapel de bonet cap of some kind of material(medL
bonetus)]
bonny a.美丽的;健康的 [16th c: perh<F
bon good =bonnie]
bonus n.奖金;分红;退还款项 [L bonus, bonum
good (thing)]
boom v.n.响声;忽然兴隆;宣传 [Du., = BEAM
n.]
booming a.景气的;受欢迎的;隆隆响 [~ toy sales
日趋兴隆的玩具销售]
boon n.恩惠;愉快的;温和的 [ME (orig. = jolly,
congenial) <OF bon <L bonus good]
boor n.农民;乡下人;粗野的人 [LG bur or Du
boer farmer: cf BOWER =Boer boorish粗野的]
boost v.推动 [booster 援助者;升压机;推进器]
booth n.摊棚;电话亭 [ME<Scand.]
bootless a.无用的 [OE botleas(BOOT,
LESS)BOOT(<OE "利益")to boot 另外,加之,而且
(常~s) 长靴,长统鞋,半长 靴],[高腰鞋 5(the ~)(俚)解雇,革职,开革]
booze v.酒宴;饮酒 [earlier bouse, bowse,<MDu
busen drink to excess]
bore v.n.钻孔;使厌;无聊的人 [ME, perh<ON
b a wave]
boreal a.北的;北风的 [ME <F boreal
or LL borealis <L Boreas <Gk Boreas god of
the north wind]
boredom n.无聊;令人厌烦的事物 bosom n.胸;怀中;爱情;拥抱
[OE bosm<Gmc]
botany n.植物学(书) [botanic<F botanique
or LL botanicus<Gk botanikos<botane plant
botanical植物的;植物学的]
botch v.拙笨地修补;糟蹋 [botcher 扭劣的工匠;笨手笨脚的人]
bouillon n.肉汤;牛肉汤 [F<bouillir
to boil]
boulder n.圆石头;玉石 [short for boulderstone,
ME<Scand]
boulevard n.林荫大道
boundary n.界限,范围 [dial. bounder<BOUND
+ -ER perh. after limitary]
bounteous a.慷慨的;宽大的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte
BOUNTY after plenteous(诗)= plentiful]
bountiful a.大方的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte
BOUNTY(<L."好东西")慷慨,好施,博爱,仁爱,宽大 after
plenteous BOUNTY+] [FUL bounteous慷慨的,宽大的]
bounty n.慷慨,宽大;赠与 [f. L bonitas
-tatis<bonus good]
bouquet n.花束;香味;(酒等)芳香 [F<dial
var of OF bos, bois wood]
bourgeois n.中产阶级的人 [F: BURGESS 市民;议员]
bourn n.小河;目标;界限 [F borne <OF
bodne BOUND]
bout n.一阵;一回;一次 [16th c: app the
same as obs bought bending]
bovine a.似牛的;笨拙的 [LL bovinus<L
bos bovis ox]
bowdlerize v.删去不妥的文句 [T Bowdler(d
1825), expurgator of Shakesp]
bower n.树荫;寝室;提琴演奏者 [G Bauer peasant,
jack at cards, rel to Du boer: BOOR农民;乡下;佬]
boycott v.联合抵制 [Capt C C Boycott,
Irish land-agent d 1897, so treated from 1880]
brace v.支持;使固定 [ME<OF brace two
arms, bracier embrace,<L brachia arms bracing紧张的;使心神清爽的;支柱]
bracelet n.手镯;手拷 [ME<OF, dimin.
of bracel<L bracchiale< bra(c)chium arm]
brackish a.混有盐的;作呕的 [obs brack(adj)<MLG,
MDu brac]
brag n.自夸,吹牛,自夸的东西 [ME, orig. adj.,
= spirited, boastful: orig. unkn.]
braggart n.吹牛;吹牛的 [F bragard<braguer
BRAG自夸,夸耀,吹嘘()(of, about)]
brake n.煞车器;丛林;煞车 [ME, perh shortened<BRACKEN,
-en being taken as a pl ending]
bramble n.荆棘 [OE br'mbel(earlier
br'mel): BROOM 扫帚(植物)金雀花]
brand n.品种;商标;烙印 [OE<Gmc]
brandish v.挥 [OF brandir ult<Gmc,
rel to BRAND(<OE "火焰")(打在商品上或牲畜身上的)烙印;商标]
brash a.性急的;仓促的;无礼的 [brashy 易碎的;脆弱的
~ material 易碎的材质]
brat n.小鬼;小家伙 [a spoiled ~ 调皮捣蛋的小鬼;小坏蛋]
bravado n.作威;虚张的勇气 [Sp bravata<bravo:
cf BRAVE, -ADO ado 骚扰;费力,麻烦;骚动;困难]
bravo int.n.好极!暴徒;刺客 [It.: BRAVE]
bravura n.勇敢尝试;华美演奏 [(<与 bravery
对应的意大利语)]
braw a.衣饰华美的;美好的 [var. of brawf
BRAVE]
brawl v.争吵 [ME<OProv, rel to
BRAY 驴的叫声,似驴叫的声音 喧哗 捣碎,擂碎,把捣成粉]
brawny a.肌肉结实的;强壮的 [brawn 肌肉;肌力,膂力,体力;人力,劳力]
braze v.用黄铜制;做黄铜色 [OE br'sen <br's
BRASS]
brazen a.无耻的 [OE br'sen<br's
brass brazenly ad.厚着脸皮地]
brazier n.火盆 [ME prob<BRASS +
-IER, after glass, glazier]
breach n.破裂;违反法纪 [ME<OF breche,
ult<Gmc]
breeze n.微风
brevity n.简洁 [AF brevete, OF brievete<bref
BRIEF]
brew v.酿造;图谋 [OE breowan<Gmc]
bribe n.贿赂;收买 [ME <OF briber,
brimber beg]
bridle n.v.缰绳;拘束;抑制;昂首 [OE bridel
unbridled激烈的;不受约束的]
brigade n.旅;队;编成旅;分类 [F <It.
brigata company <brigare be busy with <briga
strife; a fire ~ 消防队]
brigand n.强盗 [ME<OF<It brigante<brigare:
BRIGADE(军)旅(军队式组织之)团体,队,组]
brilliant a.灿烂的;显赫的;有才气的 [F brillant
part of briller shine<It brillare]
brim n.(杯、碗的)边 [ME brimme brimful盈满的]
brindled a.有斑纹的 [earlier brinded,
brended<brend, perh of Scand orig]
brink n.边缘(峭壁等的);水际
brisk a.活泼的 [prob F brusque BRUSQUE<态度、言词,人>莽撞的,粗率的,无礼的,唐突的
=BRUSK]
bristle v.竖立毛发;发怒 [ME bristel, brestel<OE
byrst]
brittle a.脆的 [brittle star 阳遂足 (属棘皮动物,类似海盘车;亦称serpent
star)]
broach v.钻孔使流出;初次提出 [ME<OF broche(n),
brocher(v)ult<L brocc(h)us projecting]
brocade n.织锦 [Sp & Port brocado<It
broccato<brocco twisted thread]
brochure n.小册子 [F, lit 'stitching',<brocher
stitch]
broil v.烧;曝晒;争吵 [obs broil to muddle:
cf EMBROIL 使事态混乱]
broker n.经纪人;股票经纪人 [a ~ house 证券公司
(<OE "给葡萄酒桶开口的人")]
bromide n.嗅化物;平凡人;陈腔滥调
bronchitis n.支气管炎
bronze n.a.青铜;青铜制品;青铜色 [F <It.
bronzo, prob. <Pers. birinj copper]
brooch n.胸针或领针 [ME broche = BROACH(<L."有突出之齿的")扩孔锥;螺旋钻;谈起,提起,提议;钻孔于<桶等>]
brood n.v.窝;孵;沉思 [OE brod<Gmc]
brook n.容忍;小河 [OE brucan<Gmc]
browbeat v.恫吓;威吓 [(brow + beat)
~ a person into working 威吓某人工作 ~ a person out of
going alone 吓阻某人单独去]
browse n.嫩叶;放牧;浏览书本 [(n)<earlier
brouse<OF brost young shoot, prob<Gmc;(v)<F
broster]
bruise v.打伤 [ME<OE brysan crush,
reinforced by AF bruser, OF bruisier break]
bruit v.传布;散布(谣言等) [F, = noise<bruire
roar (对)咆哮,大叫;大笑(at)]
brunch n.早午餐 [BR(EAKFAST) + (L)UNCH]
brusque a.唐突的;粗率的 [F<It brusco
sour =BRUSK]
brutal a.野蛮的 [F brutal or medL brutalis<brutus
BRUTE brutality残忍,野蛮的行为 brute畜生;残暴的人;粗暴的]
brute n.畜生;残暴的人 [F<L brutus stupid]
bubble n.泡沫
buckle n.v.扣子;弯曲;扣住 [ME<OF boucle<L
buccula cheek-strap of a helmet<bucca cheek:
v<F boucler bulge(<L."袋")鼓起,凸] [<out>]
bucolic a.乡村的;牧人的 [L bucolicus<Gk
boukolikos<boukolos herdsman<bous OX]
bud n.芽;花蕾,未发育的东西
buddy n.同伴;伙伴;弟兄 [perh. corrupt.
of brother, or var. of BUTTY]
budget n.预算;预算案;营运费 [ME = pouch,<OF
bougette dimin. of bouge leather bag<L bulga
(f. Gaulish) knapsack: cf. BULGE]
buffalo n.水牛;美国野牛 [prob. <Port.
bufalo <LL bufalus <L bubalus <Gk boubalos
antelope, wild ox =bison]
buffer n.缓冲器;减弱冲突的人 [18th c.: prob.
formed as BUFFER or with the sense 'stutterer']
buffet n.v.冷餐;殴打;冲击;搏斗
buffoon n.丑角;滑稽剧演员 [F bouffon <It.
buffone <med.L buffo clown <Rmc]
buffoonery n.滑稽 [F bouffon<It
buffone<medL buffo clown<Rmc buffoon 丑角,滑稽剧演员]
bug n.昆虫;故障;装置防犯铃 [buggy 多虫的;马车
(虫)amoeba 阿米巴,变形虫 aphis 芽虫,獐螂 beetle 甲虫;木槌;杵;v.凸出
bot ] [蝇的幼虫;马的肤病之一种 cantharides 斑螫;斑螫干燥制剂]
bugaboo n.鬼怪 [prob of dial orig:
cf Welsh bwcibo the Devil, bwci hobgoblin 调皮的小鬼
(小妖精) 鬼怪]
bugle n.喇叭
bulb n.球茎;灯泡 [L bulbus<Gk bolbos
onion bulbous 球根的;球根状的]
bulge n.桶腰凸出部份;膨胀 [ME<OF boulge,
bouge<L bulga: BUDGET]
bulk n.大小;容积;船舱 [sense 'cargo'<OIcel
sense 'mass' etc perh alt<obs bouk(cf BUCK)]
bullion n.金块;银块 [AF = mint, var
of OF bouillon ult<L bullire boil]
bullshit n.胡说 [BULL + SHIT]
bully n.恶霸;流氓;罐头牛肉 [F bouilli boiled
beef<bouillir BOIL bullyboy 暴徒,保镳;政治流氓]
bullyrag v.恐吓,欺凌
bulwark n.堡垒;防御 [ME<MLG, MDu
bolwerk: BOLE树干(trunk), WORK]
bum n.游荡者;懒鬼
[prob abbr or back-form<BUMMER
讨厌之事 (状况) ;失望;失败(吸毒等)非常不愉快的经历 (事件, 面)] bumpkin 乡下人,乡巴佬,土包子;粗鲁的人
bumble v.说话含糊 [BOOM+-LE: partly<bumble
= blunderer饭桶,冒失鬼]
bumblebee n.大黄蜂
bummer n.无赖;游民;游荡者 [19th c.: perh.
<G Bummler]
bumper n.缓冲挡;满杯;丰收;客满
bumpkin n.土包子;乡下人 [perh Du boomken
little tree or MDu bommekijn little barrel]
bumptious a.傲慢的;唐突的 [BUMP 冲突;扑通;隆起部分,
after FRACTIOUS 易怒的;乖僻的;难驾驭的]
bumpy a.坑洼不平的;崎岖的 [a ~ road 崎岖不平的路
have a ~ ride 乘车颠簸而行]
bun n.面包;卷发;兔;栗鼠
bungle v.n.拙劣地工作;失败 [imit.: c<BUMBLE]
buoy n.浮标;救生圈; 支持;浮上 [ME prob<MDu
bo(e)ye, ult<L boia collar<Gk boeiai ox-hides
buoyancy 浮力;乐观的气质;(行情)上涨] [buoyant易浮的;快乐的]
buoyant a.能浮的,有浮力;轻快的 [F buoyant
or Sp. boyante part. of boyar float< boya BUOY]
bureaucracy n.官僚政治 [F bureaucratie:
BUREAU(美)(政府机关的)局((英)department)]
burgeon v.突然成长;萌芽 [ME<OF bor-,
burjon ult<LL burra wool]
burglar n.夜贼;夜盗 [legal AF burgler,
rel. to OF burgier pillage. ~ alarm 防盗警报器]
burial n.埋葬;葬礼
[ME, erron. formed as sing. of OE
byrgels <Gmc: rel. to BURY. ~ ground 埋葬地,墓地.
~ service 葬礼 [式]
burlesque v.用文字、图画模仿以讽喻 [F<It
burlesco<burla mockery笑柄;虚假;赝品;模仿]
burly a.结实的;粗壮的;率直的 [ME borli prob<an
OE form = 'fit for the bower'(http://www.toeflcn.net/spacer.gif)]
burnish v.光辉;光泽 [ME<OF burnir
= brunir<brun BROWN]
burrow n.v.洞穴;潜伏;探索 [ME, app var
of BOROUGH(<OE "有城堡的地方 (城镇)")(从前的)自治市镇]
bushed a.被草丛笼罩的;疲倦的
buskin n.悲剧演员的短统靴;悲剧 [prob. <OF
bouzequin, var. of bro(u)sequin]
buss n.v.接吻 [earlier bass (n. &
v.): c<F baiser <L basiare]
bust n.半身像 [orig a(dial)pronunc
of BURST<炸弹等>爆炸;<水泡、栗子等>爆裂]
bustle v.到处乱跑;喧躁;催促
buttress n.拱壁;支持物
[ME<OF(ars)bouterez thrusting(arch)<bouteret<bouter
BUTT连接两端;接界;残余部分;靶;嘲笑对象;以 头撞,以角抵,顶
buxom a.活泼的 [earlier sense pliant:
ME<stem of OE bugan BOW+-SOME]
buzz v.n.嗡嗡声;蜂鸣
bye a.n.附属的;偶然的;秘密的 [BY as noun]
bypass v.省略
byre n.牛房 [OE byre: perh rel to
BOWER]
byte n.(电脑)字节(八bit组成) [20th c.:
perh. based on BIT and BITE]
Unit 7
cab n.v.计乘车;驾驶室;自修书 [abbr. of CABRIOLET]
cabal n.派系;阴谋 [F cabale<medL
cabala, CABBALA 犹太教的神秘哲学 秘法,秘教]
cache n.隐藏所 [F<cacher to hide]
cachet n.封印 [F<cacher press ult<L
coactare constrain]
cackle v.呵呵笑 [ME prob<MLG, MDu
kakelen(imit)]
cacodemon n.恶灵;恶鬼;恶人 [Gk kakodaimon
<kakos bad + daimon spirit]
cacography n.拼错字;抄错;拙劣的书法 [Gk kakos
bad, after orthography]
cacology n.措辞不当;发音不正 [LL cacologia
<Gk kakologia vituperation <kakos bad]
cacophony n.不调和的声音 [kakos bad+phone
sound]
cad n.下流的男人;粗鄙的人 [abbr of CADDIE球童
in sense 'odd-job man']
cadaver n.人之尸体 [ME<L<cadere
fall cadaverous死尸一样的;憔悴的]
cadence n.韵律;调子 [ME<OF<It
cadenza, ult<L cadere fall]
cadet n.陆海空军校学生;实习生 [F<Gascon
dial capdet, ult<L caput head]
cadge v.行乞勒索(金钱等);行商 [bind, carry]
cajole v.以甜言蜜语诱惑欺骗 [F cajoler]
calamity n.灾难;吹毛求疵的人 [calamitous
造成灾祸的 calamity howler 杞人忧天者;悲观论者 Calamity Jane 患难珍妮
(原名Martha] [Jane Canary(Burke)1852-1902,美国拓荒女英雄)]
caliber n.才干;才能;口径;器量 [同CALIBRE]
calligraphy n.书法 [call=kallos beauty+graphy]
calliope n.蒸汽琴;汽笛风琴 [Gk Kalliope
muse of epic poetry(lit 'beautiful-voiced')]
callous a.无情的;结硬块的
[ME<L callosus(CALLUS)or F calleux
callus老茧;愈合组织,肉状体 callosity 皮肤硬化,老茧,胼胝;无 感觉;无情
callow a.未成长的 [OE calu]
calorific a.生热的 [L calorificus<calor
heat caloric 热(的)]
calumny n.诽谤;谗言 [calumniate诽谤;中伤]
cameo n.有浮雕的宝石 [ME<OF camahieu
and medL cammaeus]
camouflage n.v.伪装;掩饰;隐瞒;欺瞒 [f camoufler
disguise<It camuffare disguise, deceive]
canard n.虚报;谣言 [F, = duck]
candor n.坦白;率真 canker n.弊病 [cank螃蟹]
canny a.精明的;节俭的 [CAN(in sense 'know')+-Y]
canon n.宗教法规;教士;经典 [OE<L<Gk
kanon, in ME also<AF & OF canun, -on;in sense
ME<OF canonie<ecclL canonicus: cf] [CANONICAL根据教会法的;正规的,标准的]
cant n.黑话;伪善之言 [ME<MLG kant,
kante, MDu cant, point, side, edge, ult<L cant(h)us
iron tire]
cantata n.清唱剧 [cant=cantare sing]
canter n.慢步小跑 [short for Canterbury(坎特布里,英国大教堂)pace,
from the supposed easy pace of medieval pilgrims
to] [Canterbury]
canto n.长诗中的章 [It, = song,<L
cantus]
canvass v.细究;讨论;检票 [orig = toss投掷,摇荡
in a sheet, agitate 摇动 CANVAS 帆布,油画]
capacious a.容量大的 [L capax -acis<capere
hold capacity 包容力, 收容力;容积]
caparison n.装饰用马衣;给马穿衣 [<Sp caparazon
saddle-cloth<capa CAPE羔羊皮(产于好望角)拉丁文"头"岬,海角;好望角(Cape
of Good] [Hope)]
caper v.n.雀跃;嬉戏;把戏 [ME capres &
F c res<L capparis<Gk kapparis, treated as
pl: cf CHERRY, PEA 豌豆]
capillary a.毛细管的 [<capillus hair]
capitulate v.有条件地投降 [<L caput
head]
caprice n.反复无常;任性 [F<It CAPRICCIO随想曲
capricious善变的,任性的,反覆无常的]
caption n.标题 [<capt- take]
captious a.好吹毛求疵的;诡辩的 [capt take+ious->take(other's
fault)(CAPTION)]
carat n.克拉;开 [<Gk keration fruit
of the carob稻子豆(dimin of keras horn角)Karate空手道 caret加字符号]
cardinal a.首要的;基本的
[ME<OF<L cardinalis<cardo
-inis hinge: in Eng first applied to the four virtues
on which conduct 'hinges( 关键,枢纽,要点)'
cardiology n.心脏学 [cardio+logy]
careen v.使船倾倒;使侧倾 [<L carina
KEEL龙骨]
caress v.抚爱 [<L carus dear]
caricature n.讽刺画;讽刺 [<caricare
load, exaggerate]
carmine n.洋红色 [<carmesinum crimson+minium
cinnabar1(矿)辰砂,朱砂 鲜红色,朱红色(vermilion)]
carnage n.大屠杀;残杀 [<L caro carnis
flesh]
carnal a.肉体的 [<caro carnis flesh]
carnivorous a.食肉的 [<caro carnis
flesh+-VOROUS carnivore 食肉动物;食虫植物]
carouse n.v.酒宴;痛饮;狂欢 [orig as adv
= right out, in phr drink carouse<G gar aus trinken
carousal喧闹的酒会]
carping a.吹毛求疵的
carrion n.腐臭的尸体 [ME<AF &
ONF caroine, -oigne, OF charoigne ult<L caro
flesh]
cartographer n.制图者 [carto纸+grapher]
carve v.雕刻;切成薄片;开拓 [OE ceorfan cut<WG]
cascade n.小瀑布 [F<It cascata<cascare
to fall ult<L casus: CASE(<L."发生的事")情形,场合;事例]
caste n.印度世袭阶级;阶级制度 [<casto pure,
CHASTE(<L."无缺点的,纯洁的")1<女子>(肉体上)纯洁的,贞洁的]
castigate v.谴责;惩治 [L castigare reprove<castus
pure castigation 强烈申斥;反对;鞭打;惩罚]
casualty n.意外;灾祸 [ME<medL casualitas(CASUAL),
after ROYALTY etc]
casuistry n.诡辩;曲解 [casuist 诡辩家 F
casuiste <Sp. casuista <L casus CASE]
cataclysm n.洪水;剧变 [cata向下的+clysm=kluzo洗
catacomb地下墓穴 catalogue分类目录 clyster(医)灌肠]
catalyst n.催化剂 [cata+lysis溶解 after
analyst catalysis接触反应,催化作用]
catapult n.弹弩;发射机 [F catapulte or
L catapulta<Gk katapeltes(CATA-, pallo hurl)]
catastrophe n.大灾难 [cata+strophe
turning]
catechism n.问答形式的教授法 [CATECHIZE
以问答方式讲授;盘问 catechizer 口试者 catechist 传道师;盘问者;采用问答式教学者]
categorical a.绝对的 [CATEGORY 种类]
cater v.承办酒席;迎合 [<acater buy;
cate n.佳肴,美食]
catharsis n.导泻;净化 [<kathairo
cleanse cathartic通便的;洗涤(胃肠)的;泻药]
catholic a.宽容的;广泛的 [<kata in
respect of+holos whole Catholic天主教]
caucus n.干部会议;核心人物 [18th-c US, perh<Algonquin
cau' -cau-as' u adviser]
caustic a.腐蚀性的;刻薄的 [<kaustos
burnt<kaio burn]
cauterize v.灼烧 [<kaio burn]
cavalcade n.车队等的行列 [<cavalcare
ride ult<L caballus pack-horse]
cavil v.吹毛求疵;苛责 [<L cavillari<cavilla
mockery 嘲弄;蔑视]
cavity n.空穴;空腔;蛀牙洞 [<L cavus
hollow洞]
cede v.割让;让步 [<L cedere yield]
celebrity n.名声;名人 [<celebr有名的+ity
CELEBRATED 驰名的,有名的]
celerity n.快速 [<celer swift]
celestial a.天上的 [CELESTE天空]
celibate a.独身的 [<caelebs -ibis
unmarried;celibacy 独身生活(尤指修道者立下宗教誓约而遵守的)]
censor n.检查员 [<L censere assess
cencorous 好批评的, 好吹毛求疵者 censorship 检查;监察;检察官之职]
censure v.责备 [<L censura<censere
assess 核定<税额、罚款额等>,评定(at)]
centaur n.人首马身的怪物 [ME<L centaurus<Gk
kentauros]
centigrade n.摄氏温标 [F<L centum
hundred+gradus step]
centrifugal a.离心的 [<L centrum
centre+fugere flee refugee难民]
centripetal a.向心的 [<L centrum
centre+petere seek]
ceremonious a.隆重的;客套的 [F ceremonieux
or LL caerimoniosus CEREMONY典礼 ceremonial 仪式的;讲究仪式的;正式的]
cessation n.中止 [ME<L cessatio<cessare
CEASE]
cession n.割让 [ME<OF cession or
L cessio<cedere cess- go away]
chaff n.粗糠;谷壳 [<CHAFE 摩擦;激怒]
chaffing a.玩笑的;嘲弄的
chagrin n.烦闷;懊恼 [cha-grin,GRIN苦笑
chagined 失望的;灰心的]
chalice n.杯;圣餐杯 [<L calix -icis
cup]
champ v.大声地嚼 [prob. imit.]
chanty n.船夫曲;劳动号子
chaos n.混乱 [F or L<Gk khaos:
- otic after erotic etc CHAOTIC混乱的]
charisma n.能吸引大众的非凡能力 [<Gk kharisma<kharis
favour, grace]
charitable a.宽大的;慈善的 [E<OF<charite
CHARITY 慈悲;施舍,慈善设施]
charlatan n.骗子;冒充内行者 [F<It ciarlatano<ciarlare
babble 喋喋不休, 罗嗦, 唠叨]
charter n.v.执照;宪章;发特许执照 [CHARTE图表]
chary a.谨慎的;吝啬的;害羞的 [with ~ look
以谨慎的表情 He is ~ of praise (praising others) 他吝于 (不轻易)
称赞别人 She is ~ of] [strangers 她见到陌生人会害羞]
chasm n.深坑 [<Gk khasma gaping
hollow]
chassis n.汽车等之底盘 [<L capsa箱]
chaste a.贞洁的;纯洁的 [<L castus chastity
贞节;纯洁]
chasten v.惩戒;责罚;抑制;使缓和 [<L castigare
CASTIGATE惩罚 CHASTISE严厉惩罚;谴责]
chattel n.动产 [ME<OF chatel: CATTLE牛,家畜]
chauvinist n.盲目的爱国者 [Chauvin, a
Napoleonic veteran in the Cogniards' Cocarde Tricolore(1831)]
checkered a.多变的 [a ~ career (life)
波折多变的人生(经历)checker 方格花纹;使呈各种颜色 The lawn was ~ed
with sunlight] [and shade 草坪上光影交错成方格图案]
chicanery n.奸计;狡猾手段 [F chicanerie
CHICANE 搪塞,狡辩;欺骗]
chide v.叱责;谴责 [OE cidan]
chimerical a.幻想的;荒诞的 [L<Gk khimaira
she-goat, chimera(希神)吐火兽;怪物;妄想]
chiromancy n.手相术 [chiro手+mancy非科学
NACROMANCY通灵术]
chiropodist n.足科医生
chirp v.吱喳鸣出或叫出 [ME, earlier chirk,
chirt]
choke v.使窒息 [prob confusion of the
ending of artichoke with CHOKE]
choleric a.暴燥的
[<Gk kholerikos: CHOLER脾气暴躁,动肝火;胆汁,胆汁质
a man of choleric temper 脾气暴躁 (易怒) 的男人
chop v.砍;突然改变方向 [choppy 波浪起伏的;多裂缝的;易变的]
chronic a.长期的;慢性的 [<khronos time]
chuckle v.咯咯而笑 [CHUCK(轻扣;抛出,抛弃;中止)
CLUCK(咯咯叫)]
chum n.室友; 好友; 挚友 [be ~s with ┅
与…是好朋友 a new ~ 新来的移民 Tom ~med up with me 汤姆和我成为好朋友]
[chummage (俗)同室;共宿旧囚犯向新囚犯勒索金钱]
churlish a.粗野的;下贱的;难驾驭的 [OE cierlisc,
ceorlisc<ceorl CHURL下贱的人;吝啬鬼]
ciliated a.有纤毛的
circlet n.戒指;小圈
circuitous a.绕行的;迂回的 [<circuitus
CIRCUIT 巡回;环游旅行;周围,纡路;电路;姊妹]
circumlocution n.迂回累赘的陈述 [ME<F
circumlocution or L circumlocutio(CIRCUM-, LOCUTION
说话法;语风), transl of Gk] [PERIPHRASIS(修辞)迂说法;拐弯抹角的说法,
绕圈子的说法]
circumspect a.慎重的;小心的 [CIRCUM-,
specere spect- look]
circumvent v.占上风;智取;规避 [CIRCUM-,
venire come]
citadel n.城堡;要塞 [<L civitas -tatis
city]
cite v.引用;举例 [<L citare<ciere
set moving]
clairvoyant a.具有洞察力的 [clairvoyance
透视力;异常的洞察力<clair CLEAR+voir voy- see CLAIRAUDIENCE超人的听力]
[VOYAGE航行]
clamber v.攀爬 [<clamb, obs past
tense of CLIMB]
clammy a.粘湿的;病态的 [<clam to daub(涂抹;弄赃)]
clamorous a.吵闹的 [clamor喧闹;大声叫嚷]
clamp n.钳子;夹住 [16th c: prob<Du
klamp heap(in sense related to CLUMP 丛生, 结块;笨重的脚步声]
clandestine a.暗中的;秘密的 [<clam
secretly]
clarion n.响亮尖锐之声 [<L clario -onis<L
clarus clear]
clarity n.清楚;明了;澄澈 [<L claritas<clarus
clear]
clash n.当当声;冲突;猛撞;抵触 [clack, clang发铿锵声
crack打开;破裂;裂缝 crash压坏;压碎]
claustrophobia n.幽闭恐惧症 [<L claustrum:
CLOISTER修道院;寺庙]
cleanse v.使纯洁;使清洁 [OE cl'nsian(see
CLEAN)]
cleave v.劈裂;开辟 [(用斧头等沿着树纹、劈开面)劈开<木材、岩石等>cleavage
劈开,劈开部;分裂]
cleft n.裂口 [OE rel to CLEAVE(用斧头等沿树纹、劈开面)劈开,剖开]
clemency n.仁慈;和蔼 [<L clemens
-entis clement仁慈的,宽厚的]
cliche n.陈腔滥调;老套 [F<clicher to
stereotype]
climactic a.高潮的 [CLIMAX+-IC, perh
after SYNTACTIC文章构成法 or CLIMACTERIC危机的,更年期的]
clinch v.钉牢;揪住 [同CLENCH 咬紧<牙关>;紧闭<嘴巴>;紧握<拳头>;紧握,抓住<某物>]
clip v.修剪;包围 [ME<ON klippa, prob
imit]
clique n.朋党;派系 [F<cliquer CLICK嘀哒声]
clog v.阻碍 [缚在动物等脚上限制其行动 (防止逃跑) 的圆木
阻碍,妨碍<up>(with)]
cloister n.修道院;寺院 [<claudere
claus- CLOSE cloistered 住在修道院的,隐居的]
clout n.影响力 [OE clut, rel to CLEAT
楔子形的栓;(鞋底等的)止滑片, CLOT结块,凝固]
Unit 8
clumsy a.笨拙的;不好看的;粗陋的 [obs clumse
be numb(麻木的)with cold]
cluster n.串;束 [OE clyster: cf CLOT凝结]
clutch v.抓紧 [18th c: prob SEngl
var of cletch<cleck to hatch<ON klekja, assoc
with CLUTCH(用手或指甲等)抓住,] [握]
clutter n.喧闹 [partly var of clotter
coagulate, partly assoc with CLUSTER, CLATTER 嗒声;喧闹]
coadjutor n.助手;伙伴 [CO-, adjutor<adjuvare
-jut- help ADJUTANT副手;副官]
coalesce v.联合;合并 [CO-, alescere
alit- grow<alere nourish coalition结合,合并]
coax v.甘言劝诱
coaxal a.同轴的
cockade n.帽章 [<fem of obs coquard
saucy傲慢的;活泼的<coq COCK公鸡;耸立]
coddle v.娇养;溺爱 [caudle invalids'
gruel稀粥;使极度疲劳]
codicil n.遗嘱的附录 [L codicillus, dimin
of CODEX法律;规则]
coerce v.强迫 [CO-, arcere restrain
coercion 强迫;威压;高压政治]
cog n.轮齿 [ME: prob of Scand orig]
cogent a.使人信服的 [CO-, agere act-
drive cogency(使人信服的)力量,(理论等的)中肯]
cogitate v.思考 [L cogitare think(CO-,
AGITATE骚动)cogitation(常 ~s)(文语)思考(力),熟虑;深思 after
much ~ 经过] [思熟虑之后 cogitable 可以思考的,可做思考题目的]
cognate a.同源的;同性质的 [L cognatus(CO-,
natus born)]
cognizance n.认知 [ME<OF conoisance
ult<L cognoscent-<cognitio: COGNITION认识;知觉]
cognomen n.姓 [cognominal 同名的 姓的
cognoscente(美术品等的)鉴赏家 cognoscible 可认知的;可辨识的]
cohere v.凝聚 [L cohaerere cohaes-(CO-,
haerere stick)coherent 互相密合的;凝聚性的 cohesion 团结;凝结力]
coherence n.n.附著;凝聚;结合
cohort n.一队兵;同事 [ME<F cohorte
or L cohors cohort- enclosure围绕, company]
coincide v.与...一致;符合;暗合 [medL coincidere(CO-,
INCIDENT 事件;附带的, 外来的)coincidence 一致,符合;偶合,巧合]
colander n.滤器;漏锅 [ME, ult<L colare
strain 拉紧]
collaborate v.合作 [L collaborare
collaborat-(COM-, laborare work)]
collate v.校勘;对照 [L collat- pp. stem
of conferre compare]
collateral a.并行的;旁系的 [ME<medL
collateralis(COM-, LATERAL 侧面;旁边的)]
collation n.便餐;核对 [<Cassian's
Collationes Patrum同 Lives of the Fathers)read by
Benedictines(圣本铎修会的僧)and followed] [by a light meal]
collide v.碰撞;冲突;抵触
[L collidere collis-(COM-, laedere
strike, damage)collision 碰撞,猛撞(with, against)(利害、意见、目的
[的)对立,不一致,冲突]
collier n.煤矿工人;运煤船 [<COAL+-IER]
colloquial a.会话的;口语的 [L colloquium
COLLOQUY(<L."谈话,会谈")(文语)(正式的)对话,会谈]
collusion n.共谋;骗串;勾结 [ME<OF collusion
or L collusio(COLLUDE共谋,串通,勾结 L colludere collus-(COM-,
ludere lus- play))]
colorable a.似是而非的;貌似可取的
comatose a.昏睡的;无生气的 [coma 昏睡;彗核;种芒]
combustible a.易燃的 [combust- burn
up COMBUSTION 燃烧;氧化]
comely a.美丽动人的 [ME cumelich, cumli
prob<becumelich<BECOME]
comestible n.a.食品;可以吃的 [<L comedere
comest- eat up]
comity n.礼仪 [L comitas<comis
courteous彬彬有礼的]
commandeer v.征募(兵役等);征用 [<F commander
COMMAND]
commence v.开始;着手;得学士学位 [as COM-,
L initiare INITIATE COMMENCEMENT 开始;学士学位授与(日)]
commensurate a.同量的 [LL commensuratus(COM-,
MEASURE)]
commingle v.混合
commiserate v.同情;慰问 [COM-, miserari
pity<miser wretched]
commodious a.宽敞的;使用方便的 [F commodieux
or<medL commodiosus<L commodus(COMMODE)COMMODITY日用品;商品;必需品]
compact a.简洁的;紧密的 [L compactum<compacisci
compact-(COM-, pacisci covenant): cf PACT]
compatible a.能共处的 [F<medL compatibilis(COMPASSION)compatibility适合性,两立性;一致;调和]
compendious a.简明的 [pend=hang]
compendium n.摘要 [<L compendere(COM-,
pendere weigh)what is weighed together]
compensate v.偿还;补偿 [compensare(COM-,
pensare frequent of pendere pens- weigh)]
compile v.编辑 [ME<OF compiler
or its apparent source, L compilare plunder, plagiarize
compilation 编辑;编纂;编纂物]
complacent a.自满的 [L complacere:
COMPLACENCY edL complacentia<L complacere(COM-,
placere please)]
complaisant a.殷勤的;彬彬有礼的 [F<complaire(stem
complais-)acquiesce to please,<L complacere:
COMPLACENCY自满,自得;自以为是]
complement n.补足物 [ME<L complementum(COMPLETE)]
compliant a.顺从的;应允的 [compliable
依从的;屈从的 compliance(对于要求、命令等的)服从,顺从;遵守;应允]
complicity n.共谋;串通 [complice(see
ACCOMPLICE)+-ITY]
compliment n.称赞;恭维;祝贺;赠送 [complimenter<It
complimento ult<L(COMPLEMENT补足物;补充的)]
comply v.顺从;应允 [It complire<Cat
complir, Sp cumplir<L complere fill up]
comport v.举止 [L comportare(COM-,
portare carry)]
comprise v.包括 [ME<F, fem pp.
of comprendre comprehend]
compromise v.和解;危及 [<LL compromissum
neut pp. of compromittere(com-, promittere promise)]
compunction n.后悔;内疚 [<L compungere
compunct-(com-, pungere prick刺;受责备)]
compute v.计算;估计 [F computer or L
computare(com-, putare reckon)computation n]
concatenate v.连结;连锁 [LL concatenare(com-,
catenare<catena chain)]
concealment n.隐蔽;躲藏;隐匿处
concede v.承认 [F conceder or L concedere
concess-(com-, cedere yield)]
conceit n.自满;独断;奇想;巧思 [ME<conceive
after deceit(欺骗,谎言), deceive, etc(←→ humility)be
full of ~ 非常自负,自命不凡] conceited[自负的,自大的,自满的;奇想的,幻想的]
conceive v.想象 [<L concipere concept-(com-,
capere take)]
concentric a.同中心的 [ME<OF concentrique
or medL concentricus(com-, centricus as centre)]
conception n.构思;概念 [ME<OF<L
conceptio -onis(concept)]
conch n.贝壳 [L concha shell<Gk
kogkhe]
concierge n.看门人;公寓管理人员 [F, prob
ult<L conservus fellow slave]
conciliate v.安慰;取悦于 [L conciliare
combine, gain(concilium council) conciliation 安抚;获得(好感等);和解]
concise a.简明的 [F concis or L concisus
pp. of concidere(com-, caedere cut)concision切断,分离,简洁,简明]
conclave n.秘密会议 [<L conclave
lockable room(com-, clavis key)]
concoct v.调制;编造 [L concoquere concoct-(com-,
coquere cook)concoction 混合;调合物;捏造;企图]
concordat n.协定;宗派间的协约 [F concordat
or L concordatum neut pp. of concordare Concorde
协和式喷射客机]
condemn v.谴责;宣告;命定;征用 [<L condemnare(com-,
damnare damn)condemnation 非难,谴责,责难,责备 宣告有罪,判罪]
condemnation n.非难;罪的宣告;非难
condign a.适宜的;应受的 [<L condignus(com-,
dignus worthy)]
condiment n.调味品 [<L condimentum<condire
pickle 腌汁;腌菜,泡菜;腌成之黄瓜;(a ~)(口语)为难 (尴尬) 之立场,困惑,]窘境,
[be in a(sad (sorry, nice, pretty))~ 陷于困难]
condole v.同情;慰问 [LL condolere(com-,
dolere suffer)(<L."一起叹息")condolence
哀悼 condolatory 吊唁的;吊慰的 condole,] [after consolatory
etc.]
condone v.宽恕;原谅 [L condonare(com-,
donare give)]
conduit n.导管;水管
[ME<OF conduit<medL conductus
conduct(<L."共同引导")(文语)(从道德观点来看的人的)行为,品行
经营,营运,管理;指挥,引导 the ~ of
confiscate v.充公;没收 [L confiscare(com-,
fiscare<fiscus treasury)]
conformity n.相似;一致 [ME<OF conformite
or LL conformitas(conform 适合;顺从,顺应) nonconformity
不适合,不一致;不服]从 [教]
congeal v.凝结 [<L congelare(com-,
gelare<gelu frost)]
congenital a.天生的 [L congenitus(com-,
genitus pp. of gigno beget)]
conglomeration n.聚集;凝聚 [conglomeratus
pp. of conglomerare(com-, glomerare<glomus -eris
ball)]
congregate v.聚集 [ME<L congregare(com-,
gregare<grex gregis flock)]
congruence n.适合;全等 [ME<L congruentia(congruent符合的;一致;调和)congruity一致]
conifer n.针叶树;松柏科植 [L(cone, -ferous)]
conjecture n.推测;猜想 [L conjectura<conjicere(com-,
jacere throw) conjectural 推测的,好推测的]
conjure v.恳求; 耍魔术 [<L conjurare
band together by oath(com-, jurare swear)]
conjurer n.魔术师;极聪明的人 [conjure(<L."一起发誓")念咒语召<灵魂>耍魔术(自)取出(out
of)]
connivance n.纵容;默许 [CONNIVE假装不见<L
connivere shut the eyes(to)]
connoisseur n.鉴定家;行家 [<pres stem
of conna re know+-eur -or: cf reconnoiter 侦察,勘查,勘测;观察,探究]
connotation n.涵意;暗示 [CONNOTATIVE含蓄的;有涵义的暗示
(别的意思) 的,含有言外之意的(of)]
consanguinity n.血缘;亲族 [SANGUINE
血红色的;充满希望的 consanguineous 血亲的,血缘的,同族的]
conscientious a.正直的 [<medL conscientiosus(conscience良心;责任心)]
consecrate v.奉为神圣;献身 [ME<L consecrare(com-,
secrare = sacrare dedicate<sacer sacred)]
consensus n.一致 [L, = agreement]
consentaneous a.一致的;全场一致的
consign v.移交 [ME<F consigner
or L consignare mark with a seal(com-, sign) consignment
交付;寄销;寄送的货物]
consistent a.始终如一的 [L consistere(consist组成;存在;一致)]
consort v.n.相伴;结交;配偶;伙伴 [earlier
form of concert]
conspicuous a.引人注目的 [L conspicuus(conspectus)]
conspire v.阴谋;密谋 [ME<OF conspirer<L
conspirare agree, plot(com-, spirare breathe)conspiracy(结党)阴谋,共谋<企图的>]阴谋
consternation n.惊愕;惊恐 [F consternation
or L consternatio(consternate使惊愕)]
construe v.诠释;翻译 [ME<L construere
construct misconstrue曲解;误解]
consummate a.完全的 [L consummare(com-,
summare complete<summus utmost)consummation 完成;极致;完婚,圆房]
contaminate v.弄脏;污染 [L contaminare(com-,
tamen- rel to tangere touch)]
contemn v.轻侮;蔑视 [ME<OF contemner
or L contemnere(com-, temnere tempt- despise)]
contemplate v.凝视;沉思 [L contemplari(com-,
templum place for observations)]
contentious a.好争吵的 [ME<OF contentieux<L
contentiosus(contention争论;辩论) (contend奋斗;竞争)]
contiguous a.接触的;邻近的 [COM-, tangere
touch]
continence n.自律;节欲 [continent大陆;自制的,禁欲的]
contingent a.可能发生的 [COM-, tangere
touch contingency偶然性;意外事故]
contortions n.扭歪;弯曲 [COM-, torquere
twist; contort扭,扭歪,曲解]
contraband n.非法交易;走私 [Sp contrabanda<It(CONTRA-,
bando proclamation 宣布,布告,发布 宣言,声明书,宣告书]
contract n.契约;婚约;收缩;皱眉
[<L contractus(COM-, trahere
tract- draw)~ a marriage(with ┅)(与)缔结婚姻 ~ one's
eyebrows (forehead) 皱眉 (额头)
contravene v.违反;抵触 [CONTRA-, venire
vent- come]
contrite a.悔悟的 [COM-, terere trit-
rub]
controvert v.否定;否认 [<L controversus(CONTRA-,
vertere vers- turn)controversy论争,辩论(尤指报章上的)论战]
contumacious a.不听命令的 [L contumax,
perh rel to tumere swell]
contumely n.傲慢;侮辱 [ME<OF contumelie<L
contumelia(COM-, tumere swell)]
contusion n.打伤;撞伤 [L contundere
contus-(COM-, tundere thump)contuse v]
conundrum n.含恢谐、双关之意的谜语 [如]
convalesce v.渐渐恢复;痊愈 [(<L."变强")ME<L
convalescere(COM-, valere be well)convalescence
渐愈;恢复期]
convene v.召开;开会 [ME<L convenire
convent- assemble, agree, fit(COM-, venire come)]
conventional a.传统的;习俗的 [F conventionnel
or LL conventionalis(CONVENTION大会;协定;惯例)]
conversant a.精通的 [ME<OF, pres
part of converser CONVERSE交谈;相反的]
convert v.改变;变更 [<L convertere
convers- turn about(COM-, vertere turn)]
conveyance n.运输;交通工具 [convey(<L."同(走)路")<人、运输工具等>载运<乘客>,搬运<货物>~
passengers 载运乘客 conveyable] [可搬运 (传达,转让) 的]
convict v.证明;宣判有罪
[ME<L convincere convict-(COM-,
vincere conquer): noun<obs convict convicted
conviction (陪审员)有 罪判决, 定罪;确信
convivial a.快乐的;欢乐的 [L convivialis<convivium
feast(COM-, vivere live)]
convoke v.召集 [L convocare convocat-(COM-,
vocare call)convocation召集,集会]
convoluted a.旋绕的;回旋状的 [<L convolutus(COM-,
volvere volut- roll)]
convoy v.护送 [OF convoyer var of
conveier CONVEY传达;运输;转移]
convulse v.使震动 [(<L."撕裂")
COM-, vellere pull The island was ~d by the eruption
convulsant 引进痉挛的;抽搐的;惊]厥[剂] convulsion 震动;动乱;抽筋
coop v.拘禁 [ME cupe basket<MDu,
MLG kupe, ult<L cupa cask]
copious a.很多的;丰富的 [<L copiosus<copia
plenty]
coquette n.卖弄风情之女子;狐狸精 [F, fem of
coquet wanton, dimin of coq cock 公鸡,雄鸡(英俚)伙伴,老大(干草等堆成的)圆锥形小山→]
[haycock coquetry 女子玩弄男人;卖弄风骚]
cordon n.警戒线 [It cordone augmentative
of corda CORD, & F cordon(CORD)]
cornice n.飞檐 [<L cornix -icis
crow 啼叫;乌鸦]
corporeal a.肉体的;物质的 [<L corporeus<corpus
-oris body]
corpulent a.肥胖的 [<L corpulentus<corpus
body]
corpus n.全集;全部资料 [corpse尸体]
corroborate v.确定 [corroborant 确证的,健身药,
roborant 强壮剂 corroboration 证实,支持,证据]
corrosive a.腐蚀的 [ME<OF corosif
-ive(CORRODE腐蚀;破坏)]
cortege n.行列 [cortex(植物)表皮层皮质,外皮]
coruscate v.闪烁;焕发 [L coruscare glitter闪烁]
cosmetologist n.美容专家;美容师 [cosmeto-logist
COSMETIC 化妆品;装饰性的<kosmeo adorn <kosmos order,
adornment]
cosmic a.宇宙的;广大无边的 [cosm宇宙+ic;COSMOS宇宙
cosmopolis国际都市]
costume n.服装;剧装 [<custom,按照习俗要求穿的服装]
coterie n.(由共同兴趣组成)小团体 [COTE小屋,笼+rie
cottage小屋 cotenant]
Unit 9
coterminous a.毗连的;有共同边界的 [也写作contermious,
con+term边界,结束;terminate结束]
couch n.床;睡椅;麦牙糖 [var of QUITCH
=quitch grass 茅草]
counterfeit a.n.v.假冒的;伪作;骗子 [E<OF
countrefet, -fait, pp. of contrefaire]
countermand v.撤回;取消 [ME<OF contremander<medL
contramandare(CONTRA-, mandare order)]
counterpart n.相对物;极相似之物 [counterpane(装饰用的)床罩,床单
counterpiston 逆活塞]
coupling n.联结;联合体
covenant n.契约;盟约 [ME<OF, pres
part of co(n)venir, formed as CONVENE召集;集合]
covert a.暗地的;隐藏的 [ME<OF covert
pp. of covrir COVER]
covetous a.贪婪的 [ME<OF coveitous<Gallo-Roman
be ~ of another person's property 贪图他人财产]
cower v.畏缩;退缩 [ME<MLG kuren lie
in wait COW 恐吓;威胁]
coxcomb n.纨裤子弟;花花公子
[鸡冠花(cockscomb)= cock's comb(see
COCK), orig(a cap worn by)a jester(尤指中世纪王侯、贵族所豢
养的)小丑,弄臣
coy a.害羞的 [ME<OF coi, quei<L
quietus QUIET]
cozen v.欺骗 [16th-c perh rel to COUSIN
堂兄弟(姊妹) cozen a person of (out of) something=~ something
of (out of) a] [person 骗取某人的某物 cozenage 欺骗,哄骗]
cozy a.温暖而舒适的 [同COSY a ~ little
restaurant 舒适雅致的小餐厅 cozy up to a person(美口语)博取<某人>的欢心,
好]<[某人>]
crabbed a.乖戾的;暴躁的 [ME<CRAB, assoc
with CRAB 蟹]
cracker n.爆竹,摔爆;一种装有糖果
cram v.填塞;仓促用功 [OE crammian<Gmc
cramming adj]
cranky a.胡思乱想的;发疯的 [perh<obs
crank rogue feigning sickness CRANK 曲柄;弯曲,虚浮的委婉话]
crass a.粗鲁的;愚蠢的 [L crassus solid,
thick]
craven a.懦弱的 [<L crepare burst;assim
to -EN]
crease n.v.皱痕;(使)起皱痕
credence n.相信 [<medL credentia<credere
believe]
credo n.信条 [ME<L, = I believe]
credulity n.轻信;易信 [L credulus<credere
believe]
creed n.教义;信条 [OE creda<L CREDO]
creek n.小湾;小溪 [<MDu kreke(or<crike
by lengthening)]
crepuscular a.在晨曦时刻活动的 [L crepusculum
twilight(日出前的)微明,晓光;曙光;(较常指日落后的)黄昏,薄暮]
crestfallen a.垂头丧气的 [CREST鸡冠+FALLEN]
crevice n.裂缝;破口 [ME<OF crevace<crever
burst<L crepare]
cringe n.v.畏缩;奉承 [ME crenge, crenche,
OE cringan, crincan: CRANK脾气暴躁的 cringing 谄媚的;奉承的]
cripple n.跛子;残废的 [OE crypel, rel
to CREEP 爬行,匍匐]
crisp a.脆的;活泼的 [OE<L crispus
curled卷曲]
criterion n.标准;定规 [Gk kriterion
means of judging(cf CRITIC)]
crooked a.有钩的;弯曲的;秘密造的 [ME<CROOK,
prob after ON kr*k*ttr crook屈曲,弯曲部;曲柄拐杖]
cross a.不高兴的 [OE cros<ON kross<OIr
cros<L crux cruc-]
crotchety a.思想奇怪的;怪僻的 [CROTCHET奇想;反复无常+-Y]
crude a.未提炼的;生的;粗野 [ME<L crudus
raw, rough crudity 未成熟;生硬;粗杂;粗糙粗野的行为 (言辞)]
crumble v.粉碎;崩溃;灭亡 [ME<OE, formed
as CRUMB;The old wall is crumbling away at the edges
那道古墙的边缘逐渐崩塌]
crunch v.嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼;压碎
[同scrunch earlier cranch, assim
to munch用力嚼 A dog was ~ing on a bone 一只狗在咯吱咯吱地 啃
着骨头
crusade n.十字军;圣战;改革运动
[earlier croisade(F<croix cross)or
crusado(Sp<cruz cross)crusader 十字军战士 改革运动者 crusado(铸有
十字架之)葡萄牙古金币或银币
crux n.紧要关头;要点 [L, = cross(<L."十字形")the
~ of a problem 问题的核心 cruzeiro 巴西的货币单位(相当于美金 5.4
cents] [(1965))]
cryogenic a.低温的;低温学的
[cryogen (化学)致冷剂;冷冻剂 cryo- (用于复合字中)
表"冰冷,严寒"之义,如: cryometer低温计 (内装 酒精,而非水银)
cryptic a.神秘的;隐藏的 [LL crypticus<Gk
kruptikos(CRYPTO-)]
cryptogram n.密码 [cryptogrammic 亦作cryptogammatic
密码的;暗号的;似密码或暗号的 crypto (复合用词)表示"隐的,秘密的"]
cuddle v.抚爱地怀抱;贴着身睡 [16th c: perh<dial
couth snug舒适的]
cuisine n.烹调;烹饪法 [F<L coquina<coquere
to cook]
culinary a.厨房的;烹调的 [L culinarius<culina
kitchen]
cull v.拣选;剔除 [ME<OF coillier
etc ult<L colligere COLLECT]
culmination n.顶点;最高潮
[the ~ of one's ambition 某人雄心 (抱负)
的极致 2(天文)通过子午线,中天 culminate 到达最高点 ( 极点,绝顶) ;达到最高潮
(极盛)
culpable a.该受谴责的 [<L culpabilis<culpare<culpa
blame]
cultivate v.耕种 [medL cultivare<cultiva(terra)arable(land)(CULT)]
cultivating n.力求与人交往
cupidity n.贪婪 [ME<OF cupidite
or L cupiditas<cupidus desirous]
curb n.马勒;控制 [ME<OF courber<L
curvare bend, CURVE曲线;弯曲]
curmudgeon n.守财奴 [curly 鬈发的;卷曲的;卷缩的
curr(http://www.toeflcn.net/spacer.gif)发咕咕声;发呜呜声 currant 小粒的无子葡萄干]
curry v.制革;曲意逢迎 [ME<OF correier
ult<Gmc]
cursive a.草体的 [medL(scriptura)cursiva<L
currere curs- run]
cursory a.匆促的;粗略的 [L cursorius of
a runner(CURSOR计算尺游标)]
curtail v.缩短;缩减 [<F courtault<court
short<L curtus: assim to tail]
cushion n.垫子;后腿肉;缓解 [<L mattress,
拉丁"腰,臀"a ~ against inflation 缓解通货膨胀的政策
The grass ~ed his fall 草坪缓和了他坠落时的撞积 pincushion(裁缝用)针垫
custody n.监护;保管 [L custodia<custos
-odis guardian custodian管理人;看守人, after guardian]
cute a.聪明的;可爱的 [shortening of ACUTE敏锐的]
cyclopean a.巨大的 [独眼巨人 Cyclops(似)的;cyclopia(医)独眼畸形]
cynic n.愤世嫉俗;不信人间真情 [L cynicus<Gk
kunikos<kuon kunos dog, nickname for a Cynic
CYNICAL不相信人间有真情的 cynicism] [愤世嫉俗,讥嘲的习癖]
cynosure n.众人注目之的
[<Gk kunosoura dog's tail, Ursa
Minor<kuon kunos dog+oura tail cynosural 引人注意的
cynocephalous 似狗头的;似犬面的
cytology n.细胞学 [cyto-, cyt- 表"细胞"之义
cytologist 细胞学家 cytokinesis (细胞分裂时之) 细胞浆移动;原浆移动]
[cytochrome 细胞色素 cytogenous 细胞合成的]
dabble v.涉足;浅赏 [16th c:<Du dabbelen
or DAB (用)轻敲,轻抚,轻按,轻敷,轻扑(with)(又作 dab hand)(英口语)好手;高手],[
专家(at)
dainty a.优美的;讲究的;好吃的 [AF dainte,
OF daintie, deintie<L dignitas -tatis<dignus
worthy]
dais n.讲台 [ME<OF deis<L discus
disc, dish, in medL = table]
dally v.嬉戏;玩弄 [ME<OF dalier chat
dalliance戏弄;荒唐度日]
dampen v.弄湿;使消沉;挫锐气
dandy n.好时髦的人;好打扮的 [18th c: perh
orig = Andrew, in Jack-a-dandy dandified打扮得华丽的]
dangle v.悬摆 [16th c(imit): cf Sw
dangla, Da dangle TANTALIZE逗弄]
dank a.阴湿的 [ME prob<Scand: cf
Sw dank marshy spot]
dapple v.使起斑纹 [ME dappled, dappeld,(adj)
dappled斑纹的,花的]
daredevil n.挺而走险的人;胆大的 [DARE大胆+DEVIL鬼]
dart v.投掷 [ME<OF darz, dars,<Frank]
dashing a.勇敢的;有活力的;华丽的 [DASH急冲;突进]
dastard n.懦夫 [dastardly 懦弱的;卑鄙的
das'tardliness(惯用法)dastardly 的狭义用法指懦弱的行为,广义用法指可]鄙
[行为]
daubster n.笨画匠 [(<L."涂石灰涂料")wattle
and daub 拙劣的画 wattle 编枝条工艺 澳洲相思树]
daunt v.恐吓;使失去勇气 [ME<AF daunter,
OF danter, donter<L domitare frequent of domare
tame(undaunted不畏惧的)]
dauntless a.无所谓的;大胆的
dawdle v.怠惰;闲荡;浪费光阴 [perh rel to
dial daddle, doddle idle a<人>没有工作的,不在工作的,闲散的
<时间>空的,闲着的 , dally] [浪费<时间>,蹉跎<时光>~
away the time 浪费时]
deadlock n.停顿;停滞 [DEAD+LOCK]
dearth n.缺乏;少 [ME, formed as DEAR]
debacle n.崩溃;瓦解 [(<F "开闩")]
debase v.贬低;降格 [DE-+obs base for
ABASE]
debauch v.使堕落 [de+bauch(大梁BEAM)debauchery放荡,游荡;酒色]
debenture n.债券 [ME<L debentur
are owing<debere owe: assim to -URE]
debilitate v.使衰弱;使虚弱 [L debilitare(DEBILITY)]
debonair a.和蔼的;快乐的 [ME<OF debonaire
= de bon aire of good disposition]
debutante n.初入社交界的少女 [(进入社交界) DEBUT
初在舞台(社交界);初次登台 make one's ~ 初次登台]
decadence n.衰弱;颓废 [F decadence<medL
decadentia<decadere DECAY decadent衰退的,颓废派的;颓废派的艺术家]
decalogue n.十戒 [Decalogue deca十+logos
命令]
decamp v.撒营;逃走;逃亡 [F decamper(DE-,
CAMP)]
decant v.慢慢倒出 [medL decanthare(DE-,
L canthus<Gk kanthos canthus, used of the lip
of a beaker)]
deceit n.欺;诈欺;虚伪;奸诈 [ME<OF<pp.
of deceveir<L decipere deceive(DE-, capere take)
DECEPTION.诈欺,瞒骗,迷惑,骗人的东西]
deciduous a.落叶性的 [L deciduus<decidere<cadere
fall]
decimate v.毁掉大部分;由十中选一 [L decimare
take the tenth man<decimus tenth]
decipher v.翻译;辨读;翻译密码
decompose v.分解(成分);腐烂 [F decomposer(DE-,
COMPOSE)decomposition n]
decorum n.端正;礼貌合宜;礼节 [L, neut of
decorus seemly DECORATION装饰;美化 DECOROUS符合礼节的;相称的]
decoy n.引诱物;诱饵 [<Du de kooi the
decoy<de THE+kooi<L cavea cage]
decree n.v.法令;布告;判决 [ME<OF decre<L
decretum neut pp. of decernere decide(DE-, cernere
sift)]
decrepit a.衰老的;破旧的 [ME<L decrepitus(DE-,
crepitus pp. of crepare creak)decrepitude衰老,老耄,老朽]
decry v.责难;轻视 [after F decrier:
cf cry down]
dedicate v.奉献 [L dedicare(DE-, dicare
declare, dedicate)]
deducible a.可推知的 [deduce(<L."往下引导")(从)演绎<结论、真理等>;推断,推测,推论(→
infer)L deducere (as DE-, ducere] [duct- lead)]
deed n.行为;契据;立契出让 [a ~ of covenant(经签名盖章的)条款,契据]
deem v.认为;视为 [OE deman<Gmc, rel
to DOOM(常指坏的)命运;劫数;毁灭,死亡(上帝所下的)最后审判 注定()(to) ~ed
to] [oblivion 注定被遗忘]
deface v.伤毁(外表或美观) [ME<F defacer<OF
desfacier(DE-, FACE)]
defalcate v.盗用公款 [medL defalcare
lop(DE-, L falx -cis sickle)]
defamation n.诽谤;中伤 [DEFAME ME<OF
diffamer etc<L diffamare spread evil report(DIS-,
fama report)]
default n.不履行责任;缺席 [ME<OF defaut(e)<defaillir
fail<Rmc(DE-, L fallere deceive): cf FA]
defeatist a.失败主义者的 [defeatism 失败主义;失败主义的行动]
defect n.缺点;缺乏;背叛;脱离 [L defectus<deficere
desert, fail(DE-, facere do) defection背离;背叛;脱党]
deference n.服从;尊重 [F deference(DEFER)]
defiant a.大胆反抗的;傲慢的 [a ~ stare 挑衅的瞪视]
defile v.弄脏;亵渎 [F defiler and defile
pp.(DE-, FILE 锉刀;锉子 (the ~)修整,锉光;(对文章等的)润饰(纵)列]
definition n.定义;鲜明度;精确度 [E<OF<L
definitio(DEFINE)]
deflate v.放气;通货紧缩
[DE-+INFLATE(<L."吹入")(以空气、气体等)使鼓起(经济)使<物价等>上涨;使<通货>膨胀
deflated 灰心丧气的
deflect v.使偏斜;使转向 [L deflectere(DE-,
flectere flex- bend)deflection歪斜,偏;偏向]
defraud v.欺诈 [ME<OF defrauder
or L defraudare(DE-, FRAUD 诈欺,欺骗 骗子 骗人的东西;伪品]
defunct a.死亡的;已倒闭的 [L defunctus
dead, pp. of defungi(DE-, fungi perform)]
degenerate v.退步;衰败 [L degeneratus
pp. of degenerare(DE-, genus -eris race)]
degrade v.降级;使堕落;使退化 [ME<OF degrader<ecclL
degradare(DE-, L gradus step)degraded adj]
deign v.屈尊;俯允 [ME<OF degnier,
deigner, daigner<L dignare, -ari deem worthy<dignus
worthy]
deist n.奉自然神教者;理神论者 [<theos god
DEISM (神)自然神教]
dejected a.沮丧的,灰心的
delegate n.代表;委派;委任 [ME<L delegatus(DE-,
legare depute)]
deleterious a.有害的 [medL deleterius<Gk
deleterios noxious delete删除]
deliberate a.深思熟虑的;故意的 [deliberatus
pp. of deliberare(DE-, librare weigh<libra balance)]
delinquent a.n.怠忽职务的;流氓 [de+linqu同LINGER闲荡)DELICT犯罪
delinquency过失;失职]
delusion n.谬见;幻想 [ME<LL delusio(DELUDE)]
delve v.探究;查考;掘;凹下 [OE delfan<WG]
demagogue n.群众煽动家 [Gk demagogos<demos
the people+agogos leading]
demean v.贬抑 [de+MEAN(<中OE "普通的")卑鄙的,下流的]
demeanor n.行为;风度 [misdemeanor 轻罪]
demesne n.领域;私有土地 [ME<AF, OF
demeine(later AF demesne)belonging to a lord<L
dominicus(DOMINICAL主的;基督的)]
demise n.死亡 [AF use of pp. of OF
de(s)mettre DISMISS, in refl abdicate]
demolish v.破坏;粉碎;推翻(制度等) [F demolir<L
demoliri(DE-, moliri molit- construct<moles mass)]
demotic a.民众的;通俗的 [Gk demotikos<demotes
one of the people(demos)]
demur v.犹豫;抗议 [ME<OF demeure(n),
demeurer(v)<Rmc(DE-, L morari delay)]
demure a.严肃的;端庄的 [ME, perh<AF
demure<OF demore pp. of demorer remain, stay(DEMUR):
infl by OF me <L maturus ripe]<[ 水果、谷物>成熟的
烂熟的;圆熟的
denigrate v.涂黑;玷辱 [L denigrare(DE-,
nigrare<niger black)]
denizen n.居民;入籍者 [<L de from+intus
within+-ein<L -aneus: -ANEOUS]
denomination n.名称 [E<OF denomination
or L denominatio(DENOMINATE 命名,取名.a.有特定之名称的)]
denotation n.(明示的)意义;指示 [(反)connotation
(常 ~s)言外之意,含蓄,暗示,涵义(逻辑)内涵]
denouement n.结局;终场 [DE-, L nodare<nodus
KNOT结]
denounce v.攻击;揭发;通知废止 [ME<OF
denoncier<L denuntiare(DE-, nuntiare make known<nuntius
messenger)]
depict v.描述;叙述 [L depingere depict-(DE-,
pingere paint)]
depilate v.去...之毛发 [L depilare(DE-,
pilare<pilus hair)]
deplete v.使空虚;用尽 [L deplere(DE-,
plere plet- fill)depletion n]
deplorable a.不幸的;可叹的
Unit 10
deploy v.散开;布置 [F deployer<L
displicare(DIS-, plicare fold)& LL deplicare
explain]
deposition n.证言;口供 [ME<OF<L
depositio -onis<deponere: DEPOSIT存放;堆积;存款]
depravity n.腐败;邪恶 [DE-+obs pravity<L
pravitas(DEPRAVE使腐败)]
deprecate v.驳斥;反对;乞求免去 [L deprecari(DE-,
precari pray)]
depreciate v.跌价 [LL depretiare(DE-,
pretiare<pretium price)]
depredation n.抢夺 [F depredation<LL
depraedatio(DE-, praedatio -onis<L praedari plunder
掠夺,抢劫<人、地方等>~ a village] [抢劫村庄]
deracinate v.根除;灭绝;使隔绝 [DE-, racine
<LL radicina dimin. of radix root)]
deranged a.疯狂的 [de+RANGE排列 DERANGEMENT精神错乱
derange 扰乱;使狂;使发狂]
derelict a.被弃的 [L derelictus pp.
of derelinquere(DE-, relinquere=RELINGUISH放弃)]
deride v.嘲笑 [L deridere(DE-, ridere
ris- laugh)derision嘲笑;愚弄]
dermatologist n.皮肤(病)学家 [s DERMATITIS+-LOGY]
derogatory a.贬抑的 [LL derogatorius
DEROGATE v贬抑;毁损]
descant v.详论;絮说 [ME<OF deschant<medL
discantus(DIS-, cantus song, CHANT)]
descend v.降;下来;减少;降低 [ME<OF descendre<L
descendere(DE-, scandere climb)descendant子孙,后裔]
descry v.发现;远远看到 [<OF descrier:
prob confused with var of obs descrive<OF descrivre
DESCRIBE]
desecrate v.亵渎;弄污 [DE-+CONSECRATE奉献]
desiccate v.使干 [L desiccare(DE-,
siccus dry)a ~d skin 干燥的皮肤 desiccator 2(化学)保干器,干燥器,防潮器]
desideratum n.所愿望之物 [L neut pp.:
DESIDERATE渴望,希求 DE-, siderare as in CONSIDER]
desirable a.希望的;愿望的 [ME<OF(DESIRE)desirous愿望的,渴望的
undesirable不符心愿的;不良好的 The police had many] [requests
to run the ~s out of town]
desolate a.v.荒芜的;孤独的;不安的 [ME<L
desolatus pp. of desolare(DE-, solare<solus alone)]
despatch v.派遣;发送;调遣 [同dispatch(<意大利语"快走")急派<军队、特使等>(往),(处理等的)迅速;迅速的处理
with ~ 迅速地],[ 快速地,敏捷地
despicable a.可鄙的;卑劣的 [LL despicabilis<despicari(DE-,
specere look at)]
despise v.轻视;蔑视 [<L despicere(DE-,
specere look at)]
despoil v.夺取;抢劫 [ME<OF despoill(i)er<L
despoliare(DE-, spoliare SPOIL战利品;奖品)]
despotic a.专制的
[(despot 的形容词)despot(<G."主人")专制君主,独裁者;暴君
despotic monarch 绝对君主 despotism 专制,专制政治;独裁制,暴政
despotism n.专制;暴政 [despotic adj]
destine v.指定;命运注定 [ME<F destiner<L
destinare(DE-, stanare(unrecorded)settle<stare
stand)]
destitute a.极端穷困的 [ME<L destitutus
pp. of destituere forsake(DE-, statuere place)]
destruction n.破坏;灭亡;毁灭 [E<OF<L
destructio -onis(DESTROY)]
desuetude n.废止;不用 [DE-, suescere
suet- be accustomed]
desultory a.散漫的;随便的 [DE-, salt-
pp. stem of salire leap跳跃]
detachment n.分离;分遣;分遣队;超然 [detachement
DETACH 分离 detached分离的;公平的]
deter v.阻止;拦住 [L deterrere(DE-,
terrere frighten)deterrent 防止,挽留;妨碍物 determent 制止(物)]
detergent n.清洁剂 [L detergere(DE-,
tergere ters- wipe擦拭)]
deteriorate v.变化;恶化 [LL deteriorare
deteriorat-<L deterior worse]
detour n.绕路;便道;绕路而行 [F detour change
of direction<detourner turn away(DE-, TURN)]
detraction n.诽谤 [de+tract拉+ion detractor贬低者
DETRACT 去掉;损伤,损坏;转移注意;责难]
devastate v.使荒废;破坏 [L devastare
devastat-(DE-, vastare lay waste)]
deviate v.逸出正轨;违背
[LL deviare deviat-(DE-, via way)
deviant a.越轨的;反常的n.异常者,变态者 deviance 异常;逸出正轨; 偏差
devious a.不正当的;迂回 [L devius<DE-+via
way]
devoid a.缺乏的 [ME, pp. of obs devoid<OF
devoidier(DE-, VOID 毫无()的;缺少()的(of) a ~ space 空间;(物理)真空]
devolve v.委任;移交 [ME<L devolvere
devolut-(DE-, volvere roll)]
devotion n.献身;专心热爱;祈祷 [ME<OF
devotion or L devotio(DEVOTE)]
devour v.吃光;毁灭;吞没;使着迷 [ME<OF
devorer<L devorare(DE-, vorare swallow)]
devout a.虔敬的 [ME<OF devot<L
devotus pp.(DEVOTE)]
dexterity n.灵巧;机敏;用惯右手的人 [F dexterite<L
dexteritas(DEXTER)dexterous adj]
diabolical a.残酷的 [diabolic 恶魔(一样)的,魔鬼性格的
diabolatry 魔鬼崇拜]
diadem n.王冠;王位 [ME<OF diademe<L
diadema<Gk diadema(DIA-, deo bind)]
dialectic n.辩证法;逻辑 [<Gk dialektike(tekhne)(art)of
debate(DIALECT方言)]
diaphanous a.透明的;澄清的 [medL diaphanus<Gk
diaphanes(DIA-, phaino show)PHANTOM幽灵;幻影]
diatribe n.恶骂;非难 [<L diatriba<Gk
diatribe spending of time, discourse<diatribo(DIA-,
tribo rub)]
dichotomy n.两半;二分法;对生 [modL dichotomia<Gk
dikhotomia<dikho- apart+-TOMY]
dictate v.听写;口述;命令;指挥 [L dictare
dictat- frequent of dicere dict- say dictator n]
dictum n.格言;权威的断言 [L, = neut pp.
of dicere say]
didactic a.教诲的;教训的 [Gk didaktikos<didasko
teach DID-ACT-IC]
diffidence n.羞怯;谦虚 [(反)confidence
信任,信赖(in)自信(in)]
diffuse v.扩散;普及;散开 [ME<F diffus
or L diffusus extensive(DIS-, fusus pp. of fundere
pour)diffusion n]
digression n.离题;扯到枝节上;脱轨 [L digredi
digress-(DI-, gradi walk)digress v.走向岔道, 离开本题(主题),
扯到枝节上]
dilapidation n.倒塌;毁坏 [ME<LL dilapidatio(DILAPIDATE
使<建筑物>荒废,使<汽车等>毁坏 变为荒废,变破旧 DI-, lapis]
[lapid- stone]
dilate v.扩大;膨胀 [ME<OF dilater<L
dilatare spread out(DI-, latus wide)]
dilatory a.不慌不忙的 [LL dilatorius(DI-,
dilat- pp. stem of differre DEFER)<DELAY耽搁]
dilemma n.左右为难的状况 [L<Gk(DI-,
lemma premiss)]
dilettante n.业余的艺术爱好者 [It<pres
part of dilettare delight<L delectare]
dilute v.稀释;冲淡 [L diluere dilut-(DI-,
luere wash)]
diluvial a.洪水的 [LL diluvialis<diluvium
DELUGE(<L."冲走")大水灾,洪水,泛滥;豪雨]
diminution n.减少;变小 [ME<OF<L
diminutio - onis(DIMINISH)]
din n.噪声;闹音 [OE dyne, dynn, dynian<Gmc]
dingy a.昏暗的;肮脏的 [perh ult<OE
dynge DUNG(牛、马等的)粪便;水肥]
dint n.力量 [ME<OE dynt, and partly<cogn
ON dyntr]
dipsomaniac n.酗酒狂之人 [k dipso-<dipsa
thirst+-MANIA]
dire a.可怕的;悲惨的 [L dirus =direful
可怕的;悲惨的]
dirge n.丧曲;挽歌 [ME<L dirige(imper)direct,
the first word in the Latin antiphon(from Ps 5:8)in
the Matins part of the Office for] [the Dead]
disabuse v.解惑;矫正
disagreeable a.讨厌的事 [E<OF desagreable(DIS-,
AGREEABLE令人愉快的;宜人的,和蔼可亲的,悦人的,讨人喜欢]
disarray v.杂乱
disastrous a.灾害的;悲惨的 [orig 'unfavourable
aspect of a star',<F desastre or It disastro(DIS-,
astro<L astrum star)disaster n]
discernible a.可辨别的 [ME<OF discerner<L(DIS-,
cernere cret- separate)discernment 眼光;洞察力 discern
分别,识别;找出; 识],[领悟]
discharge v.发射;免职;放电;卸货 [ME<OF
descharger(DIS-, CHARGE)]
disclaim v.否认;放弃权利 [ME<AF desclaim-
stressed stem of desclamer(DIS-, CLAIM)]
discomfit v.挫败;使混乱
[ME<disconfit<OF pp. of desconfire<Rmc(DIS-,
L conficere put together: CONFECTION)discomfiture
n 失败;狼狈
disconcert v.妨碍;破坏;使张惶失措 [obs F
desconcerter(DIS-, CONCERT一致)]
disconsolate a.哀伤的 [ME<medL disconsolatus(DIS-,
consolatus pp. of L consolari console安慰)]
discordant a.不调和的;不一致的 [ME<OF,
part of discorder: DISCORD]
discredit v.丧失名誉
discreet a.慎重的;谨慎的
[<L discretus separate(DIS-,
cretus pp. of cernere sift), with LL sense<its
derivative discretio discernment 辨别;看清楚
discrete a.各别的;不关连的 [ME<L discretus:
DISCREET小心的;慎重的]
discretion n.谨慎;斟酌办理 [ME<OF<L
discretio -onis(DISCREET小心的;慎重的)]
discursive a.散漫的;无层次的 [medL discursivus<L
discurrere discurs-(DIS-, currere run)]
disdain v.鄙视;不屑做 [ME<OF desdeign(ier)ult<L
dedignari(DE-, dignari<dignus worthy)]
disenfranchise v.剥夺...之公民权 [enfranchise给予<人>参政(选举)权
解放<奴隶等>,使成为自由民;免除的法律义务]
disgruntle v.使不悦;使不满 [IS-+gruntle
obs frequent of GRUNT<猪>咕噜<人>哼,喃喃发怨言
~ in discontent 不满而发哼声 give a] [~ of discontent
咕噜地抱怨]
disguise n.v.伪装;隐藏;欺骗 [ME<OF
desguis(i)er(DIS-, GUISE (in a ┅ ~)(为欺骗人而伪装的)外 观,样子
(in the ~ of) 服装,装扮] [(under the ~ of) 假装;借口]
dishabille n.便装 [habilatory 服装的;衣服的
habilimentation 服装;衣服]
disheveled a.凌乱的;不整洁的
disinclined a.不愿的
disingenuous a.不诚恳的;虚伪的 [dis+INGENUOUS
(反)innocent]
disinterested a.公正的;无私的 [pp. of
disinterest(v)divest of interest]
disjointed a.脱节的;杂乱的 [DIS-, jungere
junct- join)]
dislodge v.逐出;使移动;驱逐 [ME<OF dislog(i)er(DIS-,
LODGE(<古法语"小屋")(暂时)住宿,投宿]
dismal a.阴暗的 [orig noun = unlucky
days: ME<AF dis mal<medL dies mali two days
in each month held to be unpropitious]
dismember v.分裂;瓜分 [ME<OF desmembrer<Rmc(DIS-,
L membrum limb)]
disparage v.轻视;抑贬 [ME<OF desparagier
marry unequally(DIS-, parage equality of rank ult<L
par equal)]
disparate a.不相干的 [L disparatus separated(DIS-,
paratus pp. of parare prepare), infl in sense by
L dispar unequal]
disparity n.不同;悬殊 [F disparite<LL
disparitas -tatis(DIS-, PARITY(量、质、价值等)同等,等价,等量,同率,平等
~ of treatment] [同等待遇]
dispassionate a.冷静的;公平的
dispersion n.散布;分散 [ME<LL dispersio(DISPERSE),
transl Gk diaspora: DIASPORA 犹太人的离散;离散的犹太人]
dispirited a.沮丧的;无精打采的
disport v.嬉戏;玩乐 [ME<AF &
OF desporter(DIS-, porter carry<L portare)]
disposed a.愿意;想干
disposition n.性质;气质;整理;让与 [E<OF<L
dispositio(DIS-, ponere posit- place)]
dispossessed a.被剥夺财产的
disputatious a.好议论的 [disputant adj&n争论者;争论的]
disquisition n.论文;专题演讲 [F<L disquisitio(DIS-,
quaerere quaesit- seek)]
disreputable a.名誉不好的
dissection n.分析;解剖
dissemble v.隐藏;假装 [ME, alt after
semblance of obs dissimule<OF dissimuler<L
dissimulare(DIS-, SIMULATE 假装的样子],[ 伪装(生物)拟态
disseminate v.散布;传播 [L disseminare(DIS-,
semen -inis seed)]
dissension n.冲突;纷争 [ME<OF<L
dissensio(DIS-, sentire sens- feel)]
dissertation n.论文 [L dissertatio<dissertare
discuss, frequent of disserere dissert- examine(DIS-,
serere join)]
dissident a.不赞成者 [F or<L dissidere
disagree(DIS-, sedere sit)]
dissimulate v.假装;掩饰 [L dissimulare(DIS-,
SIMULATE假装的样子,伪装;拟态]
dissipate v.浪费 [L dissipare dissipat-(DIS-,
sipare(unrecorded)throw)dissipated 沉迷于酒色的;闲游浪荡的]
dissolute a.放荡的;不道德的 [ME<L dissolutus
pp. of dissolvere DISSOLVE溶解;解散]
dissonance n.不和谐(音) [ME<OF dissonant
or L dissonare(DIS-, sonare sound)]
dissuade v.劝阻;阻止 [L dissuadere(DIS-,
suadere suas- persuade)]
distaff n.女性;妇女 [OE dist'f(STAFF),
the first element being app rel to LG diesse, MLG
dise(ne)bunch of flax]
distend v.扩张;膨胀 [ME<L distendere(DIS-,
tendere tens- stretch)distension 膨胀]
distill v.蒸馏;滴下
distinction n.差别;特性;高贵;名誉 [E<OF<L
distinctio -onis(DISTINGUISH)]
distort v.扭曲;变成 [L distorquere distort-(DIS-,
torquere twist)]
distrait a.心不在焉的 [ME<OF destrait
pp. of destraire(DISTRACT转移;分心)]
distraught a.心神分散的 [ME, alt of obs
distract(adj)(DISTRACT), after straught obs pp.
of STRETCH伸展;张开;一口气]
distress n.苦恼;贫苦;扣押 [ME<OF destresse
etc, AF destresser, OF -ecier<Gallo-Roman(DISTRAIN扣押
~ upon a person's goods for] [rent 扣押某人的货物抵 偿租金]
disturbance n.骚动 [E<OF destorbance(DISTURB)]
diurnal a.每日的;昼间的 [ME<LL diurnalis<L
diurnus<dies day]
diva n.歌剧中的首席女主角 [It<L, = goddess]
diverge v.分歧;差异 [medL divergere(DI-,
L vergere incline)divergence,-cy n]
divers a.不同的;种种的 [ME<OF<L
diversus DIVERSE(DI-, versus pp. of vertere turn)]
diverse a.不同的;互异的;种种的 [ME(DIVERS)diversity]
divertissement n.消遣;娱乐 [F,<divertiss-
stem of divertir(<F 'diversion')娱乐,消遣 DIVERT转移]
divest v.脱去;剥除 [earlier devest<OF
desvestir etc(DIS-, L vestire<vestis garment)divestment=divestiture剥夺]
dividend n.被除数;利息;红利 [AF dividende<L
dividendum a high (low) ~ 高额 (低额) 股息(DIVIDE(<L."分离")把<东西>(切割而])[分],分割<up>
除以<某数>(by)
divination n.预言;先知 [ME<OF divination
or L divinatio(DIVINE神的;神圣的)]
docile a.听话的;温顺的 [ME<L docilis<docere
teach]
dock n.船坞;码头;被告席;裁减 [ME, of uncert
orig]
docket n.诉讼事件表 [docker 码头工人,船坞工人
(longshoreman)]
dodge v.躲开;逃避责任 [~ a blow 迅速闪避打击
~ one's responsibility 逃避责任]
doff v.脱;除去 [ME, = do off]
doggerel n.拙劣的诗;打油诗 [ME, app<DOG:
cf -REL DOGGERY狗性]
dole n.悲哀;赈济品 [doleful悲哀的;寂寞的;阴沉的]
dolorous a.悲伤的;忧愁的 [ME<OF doleros<LL
dolorosus(DOLOUR)]
dolt n.笨拙之人;傻瓜 [app related to dol,
dold, obs var of DULL doltish adj愚蠢的;愚钝的]
domain n.领土;领域;私人所有地 [ME<F domaine,
OF demeine DEMESNE, assoc with L dominus lord]
domicile n.家;住所 [ME<OF<L domicilium<domus
home]
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