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托福考试词汇向导（一）
Unit 1
aback ad.向后;逆帆 [A, BACK]
abaft ad.prep.在船尾;在...之后 [A + -baft
<OE<BY+behind]
abandon v.放弃;放纵;遗弃 [ME<OF abandoner<under
control ult<LL bannus, -um BAN]
abase v.降低;贬抑 [A-, baissier to lower
ult<LL bassus short of stature): infl by] BASE
abash v.使局促不安 [bash; unabashed]
abate v.减少;减轻 [rebate 将<已付金额的一部分>予以折扣,回扣,退还]
abbey n.大修道院; 大教堂 [Abba上帝 abbacy
男修道院长(abbot)之职务(辖区,任期) abbess 女修道院院长;尼庵住持]
abbreviation n.缩短;缩写 [brevity 短暂;简短]
abdicate v.放弃权利;让位 [AB-, dicare
declare]
abdomen n.腹;下腹 [abdominal adj.]
abduct v.绑架;拐走 [viaduct陆桥,高架桥 (道路,铁路)(<L.
VIA(道)和 aqueDUCT(水道)的混合语]
abed ad.在床上 [A, BED ill(sick)~病卧床上
lie~躺在床上]
aberration n.离开正路;脱离常轨 [errant 错误的,偏离的;游历的;遍历危险的]
abet v.教唆;唆使 [bait(装于钓)上或陷阱中的钩饵]
abeyance n.中止;暂搁 [<OF abeer<to
+ beer<medL batare gape(因惊讶或赞许而)张口]
abhor v.憎恨;厌恶 [horrible]
abide v.容忍;忍受 [abide by 遵守<规则、法令、决定等>]
abject a.可怜的;卑鄙的 [reject]
abjure v.发誓断绝;公开放弃 [jurare; purjury]
ablution n.沐浴 [antediluvian 诺亚(Noah)洪水前的;太古的;过时的
(cf deluge)]
abnegate v.放弃权利;舍弃;戒禁快乐 [AB-, negare
deny]
abnormal a.不正常的;变态的 [earlier and
F anormal, anomal<Gk anomalos ANOMALOUS, assoc
with L abnormis: ABNORMITY]
abode n.住所 [verbal noun of ABIDE:
cf. ride, rode, road]
abolition n.废除;革除 [abolish]
abominate v.痛恨;痛恶 [ominous (omen
的形容词)不祥的;凶兆的]
aboriginal a.原始的;土著的 [ab+origin+al]
abortive a.失败的;无意的 [oriental; abort]
abound v.充满;富于 [abundant]
abrade v.摩擦;磨掉 [erase; abrasion
(abrade的名词)(岩石的)剥蚀;(机械的)磨损]
abridge v.缩短;删节 [ME<OF abreg(i)er<LL
abbreviare ABBREVIATE]
abrogate v.废止;取消 [interogative rogation
(常 ~s)(基督教)(耶稣升天节前三天做的)祷告 rogatory 请求的;要求的]
abrupt a.突然的;意外的 [ab+rupt=rumpere]
abscond v.潜逃 [condiments 调味料(seasoning)
(芥茉、胡椒等)]
absolve v.赦免;解除 [solution]
abstain v.戒除;禁绝 [tenere]
abstemious a.饮食有度;有节制的 [temetum]
abstinence n.禁食 [abs+tinence ABSTINENT]
abstracted a.心不在焉的 [intractable;
abstract]
abstruse a.深奥的 [intrusion]
absurd a.不合理的;荒唐的 [AB-, surdus deaf,
dull]
abundant a.丰富的;富裕的 [ME<OF abundance<L
abundantia ABOUND]
abuse v.乱用;妄用 [ab+use disabuse 解除某人的迷惑;使醒悟]
abut v.紧邻;接靠 [a+but]
abyss n.深渊;地狱 [<Gk abussos bottomless
A-, bussos depth]
accede v.同意 [ac+cede]
accelerate v.加速进行 [ac+celer+ate;concede]
accentuate v.重读;强调 [ac+cent=cant+uate;ACCENT;cantata(音乐)清唱剧]
accessible a.易接近的;易受影响的 [accessible
or LL accessibilis; ACCEDE; access]
accessory n.附件;从犯 [ac+ces+sory;ACCEDE]
accidental a.偶然的;意外的 [E<LL accidentalis(ACCIDENT)]
acclaim v.欢呼;喝采 [ac+claim=clamare;clamorous吵闹的,喧嚷的;
acclamation]
acclimate v.适应于新环境 [ac+climate CLIMATE
acclamation]
acclivity n.向上的陡坡 [ac+cliv+ity proclivity]
accolade n.赞美;赏赐 [ac+col=collum+ade;
collar]
accommodate v.供应;容纳 [ac+commodus;
accommodating]
accomplice n.共犯;帮凶 [ME and F complice(prob
by assoc with ACCOMPANY),<LL complex complicis
confederate: cf] [COMPLICATE]
accord n.一致;符合 [ac+cord=cordis heart]
accost v.打招呼 [ac+cost=costa rib
COAST]
accoutre v.供给服装;装备 [ac+coutre couture
女装业;女装设计师 couturier 女装设计师]
accredit v.相信;任命;归功于... [ac+cre+dit
CREDIT]
accretion n.增大;添加 [ac+cret+tion
accrue ACCRETE 生长;增大;合生]
accrue v.自然增加 [ac+crue增加]
accumulate v.积聚 [ac+cumul=cumulus堆积+ate]
accuse v.控告;归咎 [ac+cuse=CAUSE]
acephalous a.无头的 [a+cephal=kephale头+ous]
acerbity n.尖酸的言语或态度 [acerb尖,酸+ity
acerbic尖刻的]
acetic a.酸的 [ace=acetum醋+ic]
achromatic a.无色的;消色的 [A-, CHROMATIC]
acidulous a.微酸的;克薄的 [acid酸+ulous多的]
acknowledge v.承认 [ac+KNOWLEDGE]
acme n.顶点;极至 [Gk, = highest point]
acoustics n.声学;传音性 [acoustic 听觉的;有关声音的]
acquaint v.告之;使熟悉 [ac+quiant知道=cognit
come to know ACQUAINTANCE 熟人]
acquiescence n.默许的;顺从的 [ac+quiesce安静+nce;aquiescent顺从的
quiescent静止的]
acquisition n.获得;得到 [ACQUIRE acquisitive
贪得的;物质欲重的 requisite 必须品 acquisitiveness 渴望占有]
acquittal n.开释
acrid a.辛辣的;尖刻的 [irreg<L acer
acris keen+-ID, prob after acid]
acrimonious a.尖酸的 [ACRIMONY 尖刻;剧烈]
acrophobia n.高处恐怖症 [acro=akron+PHOBIA]
activate v.使活动 actuarial a.保险统计(员)的
[ACTUAL actuary 保险公司计算员;法庭记录(员) actuate 激励]
actuate v.激励;促使 [ACTUAL]
acuminate a.锐利的;有尖头的 [L acuminatus
pointed: ACUMEN]
acute a.灵敏的;急性的 [L acutus pp. of
acuere sharpen<acus needle]
adage n.格言 [adagium ad+age]
adamant a.坚定不移的;固执的 [a+damant=daamao驯服]
adapt v.使适合 [ad+apt=aptus适合 adaptable有适应能力的
aptitude能力]
addendum n.补遗;追加物 [L, gerundive
of addere ADD]
addiction n.沉迷;热中 [ADDICT ad+dict;addictive
使人上瘾的]
additive a.添加剂 [LL additivus: ADD]
addle a.混乱的;糊涂的 [addled头脑混乱的]
adduce v.引证;举出 [induce引诱]
adept a.老练的 [ad+ept能力 adopt 收养;
adapt 适应]
adhere v.附着;坚持 [ad+here=haerere粘;adherent
拥护者,党徒]
adhibit v.容...进入;贴标签;采用 [AD-, habere
have]
adipose a.多脂肪的 [同adeps adipis 胖的]
adjacent a.邻接的 [ad+jacent=jacere躺]
adjoin v.邻接;毗连 [AD-, jungere join]
adjourn v.延期;休会 [The court ~ed from
Friday until Monday.]
adjudge v.判决;审查并颁给奖赏 [ME <OF
ajuger <L adjudicare: ADJUDICATE]
adjudicate v.判决;宣判;裁定 [ad+judic=judicare
to judge; judicious明智的]
adjunct n.附属物;助手 [ad+junct ADJOIN]
adjure v.命令;恳求 [ad+jure=jurare发誓]
adjutant n.副官;助手 [L adjutare frequent
of adjuvare: ADJUVANT 辅助的;助手;辅药]
admeasure v.分配;测量 [AD-, MEASURE]
administer v.管理 [ad+, MINISTER]
admirable a.可钦佩的;美妙的 [ADMIRE]
admiral n.海军上将;鱼船队长 [<Arab. '
amir commander (cf. AMIR), assoc. with ADMIRABLE]
admonish v.警告 [ad + mon = monere警告]
ado n.张惶;费力 [much ado->much a
thing to do]
adobe n.泥砖;土坯 [a-do-be;abode住处]
adolescence n.青春期;年少
adopt v.收养;采纳 [option 选择]
adore v.崇拜;热爱 [oration 演讲 adoration
爱慕,崇拜 adorable 迷人的,可爱的]
adorn v.装饰 [ad+orn提供 suborn贿赂 adornment
装饰,装饰品]
adrift a.ad.漂泊;无一定职业的 [A + DRIFT]
adroit a.灵巧的 [a+droit右手的 maladroit笨的]
adulation n.奉承 [adulate谄媚奉承]
adulterate v.掺混 [L adulterare adulterat-
corrupt]
adumbration n.预示 [intervention 干涉
umbrella雨伞 umbrage不快]
adversary n.对手;敌手 [ADVERSE adversity灾难]
adverse a.逆的;相反的;不利的 [AD-, vertere
vers- turn]
adversity n.灾难;不幸 [L adversitas
-tatis;ADVERSE]
advert v.谈及
advisable a.适当的;可行的 [advisable=sensible
advisory 劝告的 unadvised 轻率的]
advocate v.提倡;拥护 [ad+vocate=vocare
号召,叫]
aegis n.保护 [aigis 宙斯或雅典娜的盾]
aeon n.极长的时间;永久 [同eon eonian亦作aeonian永世的;无穷的eonism易装变态]
aerate v.空气;让空气进入 [L aer AIR + -ATE,
after F aerer aero 航空的;飞行器的]
aerial a.天线 [L aerius <Gk aerios
<aer air]
aesthetic a.美学的;审美的 [aesthetics
美学 aesthete 审美家 anaesthetic 麻醉药 ana=not]
afar ad.在远方 [ME <A-+ FAR; ~ off
遥远地方的. from ~ 由远方]
affable a.和蔼的;友善的 [AD-, fari speak]
affect v.影响;假装;爱好 [How will the
decision ~ us? 这项决定会给我们什么样的影响?]
affected a.造作的;不自然的 [affectation做作,虚假
affection友爱;感人的 affectionate挚爱的 unaffected不矫揉造作的;自然的]
affection n.爱情;疾病;影响 [ME<OF<L
affectio -onis(AFFECT)]
affectionate a.情深的 [med.L affectionatus
(AFFECTION)]
afferent a.输入的 [AD-, ferre bring]
affiance n.信用;婚约;订婚 [AD-, fidus
trusty]
affidavit n.宣誓书 [perfidy不忠,背叛 AFFIANCE婚约,定婚]
affiliation n.入会;加入 [filial子女的 AFFILIATE加入,联合]
affinity n.吸引力;密切之关系 [affine姻亲 affined
姻亲的;同盟的]
affirmation n.证言;无宣誓供述 [AFFIRM 断言,确认,肯定
affirmative赞成的,肯定的]
affix v.附加物 [AD-, figere fix- fix]
afflatus n.灵感 [AD-, flare flat-
to blow]
afflict v.使苦恼;折磨
affliction n.痛苦;折磨 [conflict冲突]
affluent a.丰富的;富饶的 [ME<OF<L
affluere(AD-, fluere flux- flow)]
affranchise v.恢复自由;释放 [ENFRANCHISE,
with prefix A-]
affray n.骚动;打架 [af+ fray(衣物)磨损;紧张]
affront v.冒犯;侮辱 [effrontery 厚颜无耻]
afield ad.在野外;离乡背井
afloat ad.在海上;票据流通
afore ad.prep(在)前方
Unit 2
afresh ad.重新;再
aftermath n.不幸事件之后;余波 [after-math]
agape a.张口惊视的 [a+gape 裂开,张嘴]
agenda n.议程 [agility 灵活,敏捷]
agent n.代理人;管理人;代办人 [a commission
~ 委托贩卖商,批发商 a forwarding ~ 运送者,运输业者 a secret (confidential)
~ 密探]
agglomerate v.一堆;结块 [glomerulus
小球,血管小球]
aggrandize v.加大 [grandeur 雄伟]
aggravate v.加重;恶化 [gravity庄重]
aggregate n.集合;总数 [gregarious喜社交的
aggregation聚集,总和]
aggressive a.好斗的;进取的 [egress出口]
aggrieved a.因受伤而不平的;痛心的 [grievous令人悲痛的;伤势严重的]
aghast a.恐怖的;惊骇的 [GHASTLY可怕的;惊人的
gast恐惧 ghost魔鬼 ghast=gast=ghost]
agility n.动作敏捷;机智 [agile灵活的,轻快的]
agitate v.煽动 [ag做+itate表示不断的动作 agitated被鼓动的,不安的
agitation鼓动,焦虑]
aglow a.发红的 [glow 发光;发热;热情]
agnostic n.不可知论者 [diagnostic诊断的
agnosticism不可知论 Agnus Dei(<L. 'lamb of God')耶稣基督的别名]
agog a.兴奋的;有强烈兴趣的 [F en gogues<en
in + pl of gogue fun]
agonize v.使受苦;使苦闷 [agony极大痛苦 agonizing引起极大痛苦的]
agony n.烦恼;顶峰 [(<G."比赛")agony
aunt 答覆读者来函专栏女作家]
agrarian a.土地的;农业的 [L agrarius<ager
agri field]
agreement n.协议;符合;同意 [ME<OF(AGREE)]
agronomist n.农学家 [agro土地+nom学科+ist]
aground ad.在地上;搁浅
ail v.使受病痛;使苦恼 [ail=egle小病 ailment不严重的疾病]
ailment n.疾病
airborne a.空气传播的;空降的
airtight a.密封的
aisle n.过道;走廊 [ME ele, ile <L
ala wing: confused with island and F aile wing]
ajar ad.门微开;不调和地 akin a.血族关系的;类似的
[a+kin 亲戚,血源关系]
alabaster a.雪白的 [ME<OF alabastre<L
alabaster, -trum,<Gk alabast(r)os]
alacrity n.乐意;欣然;敏捷 [L alacritas<alacer
brisk]
albeit conj.虽然 [al+beit albite n.曹长石,苏打长石
L albus white + -ITE]
alchemy n.炼金术 [al=the+chemy=khemia冶炼术
chemis-try化学]
alcove n.凹室;壁龛 [<al the + kubba
vault(<L."转动,滚动")拱顶;穹窿;储藏室;墓室]
ale n.麦酒 [alewife n.啤酒店女主人 <17世纪的aloofe]
alga n.海藻;藻类 [algae 海藻;藻类 algaecide
亦作 algicide 除海藻的药]
algebra n.代数学 [It. & Sp. &
med.L, <Arab. al-jabr <al the + jabr reunion
of broken parts <jabara reunite]
alias n.别名 [at another time, other
wise]
alibi n.不在犯罪现场证明;辩词 [elsewhere]
alienate v.离间 [alien+nate 由ALIEN外国人而来
alienated疏远的,被隔开的]
alienist n.精神病医师 [ALIEN+ist]
alight v.降下;落在
alimentary a.食物的;营养的 [ALIMENT 食物,营养品]
alimentation n.营养
alimony n.离婚赡养费;扶养费 [L alimonia
nutriment <alere nourish]
alkali n.碱 [ME<medL,<Arab
al-kali calcined ashes<kala fry]
allay v.使缓和;使镇静 [al+LAY摆放 ally同盟]
allege v.声称;宣称 [ALLEGATION(无证据)指控
illegal不合法的 allegiance忠诚]
allegiance n.忠贞;忠实
[E<AF<OF ligeance(LIEGE):
perh assoc with ALLIANCE(ally 的名词)(为共同目标而结的)联盟;同盟
关系
allegory n.讽喻;寓言 [ME<OF allegorie<Gk
allegoria<allos other + -agoria speaking]
allergy n.过敏症;厌恶 [allergic过敏的,对讨厌的
ergo-phobia厌工作症]
alleviate v.减轻痛苦;缓和 [levity轻率]
alley n.小巷;小径 [ME<OF alee walking,
passage<aler go<L ambulare walk]
alligator n.水陆两用战车;短吻鳄 [Sp el lagarto
the lizard<L lacerta]
allocate v.拨下;留下 [allocation拨给,分配
location地点]
allopath n.用对症疗法的医生 [同allopathist
= ALLOPATHY ] [allopathic 对症疗法的 homeopathic顺势疗法的]
alloy n.合金 [unalloyed 未搀杂的;纯粹的]
allude v.暗指;提及 [ludicrous嬉笑的,可笑的
allusion暗示]
allure v.引诱 [al+luere=LURE诱饵,魅力
allurement诱惑物]
allusion n.暗示;暗讽;引谕;引述 [ALLUDE)
in ~ to 暗指,暗示. v.allude]
alluvial a.冲积的 [alluvium 冲积土]
ally n.盟国;支持者 [perh dimin of ALABASTER
雪花石膏(制)的;白润光滑的]
alms n.施舍;周济;布施 [OE 'lmysse, -messe,<
<eleemon(adj)<eleos compassion]
aloof a.远离的;不接近的 [a+loof= LUFF逆风而行]
alpine a.高山的;阿尔卑斯山的 [L Alpinus:
ALP]
alteration n.变更;改造 [altercation
口角,激辩,争吵]
alternate v.轮流 [(常与with连用) alternus交替
alter其它]
altitude n.高度;海拔 [ME<L altitudo<altus
high]
altruism n.利他主义 [altru=alter其它+ism]
alumnus n.学生;毕业生校友 [L, = nursling,
pupil< alere nourish]
amalgamate v.混合;合并 [AMALGAM混合物 AMASS积聚]
amanuensis n.笔记者;文书 [L<(servus)a
manu secretary + -ensis belonging to]
amass v.积累;收集
amateurish a.业余的;不熟练的 [(反professional)
theatricals票友戏 AMATEUR业余爱好者 morous多情的 L amator -oris
lover]
amatory a.恋爱的;色情的
amazon n.女战士
[<G."无乳房"; 传说古时亚马逊女战士为拉弓射箭之便割除右乳房)
Amazon(希)亚马逊族女战士(住 在黑海边)
ambidextrous a.十分灵巧的 [LL ambidexter<ambi-
on both sides + dexter right-handed]
ambiguity n.暧昧;含糊话 [L ambiguitas(AMBIGUOUS)]
ambiguous a.含糊的 [ambiguity模棱两可]
ambivalent a.好恶参半的 [valiant勇敢的 ambivalence矛盾心理
G Ambivalenz <L ambo both, after equivalence,
-ency ambivalence] [爱憎感情并存]
amble n.徐行;缓行 [amble=ambul走路 ambulence救护车
ample丰富的]
ambulatory a.可走动的;行走的 [ambula走+tory
perambulate走过;徘徊于 L perambulare perambulat-(PER-,
ambulare walk)]
ambush v.埋伏 [ME<OF <a Rmc
form = 'put in a wood': rel to BUSH]
ameliorate v.改善,改良 [alt. of MELIORATE
after F ameliorer]
amenable a.有服从义务的;愿服从的 [a+ men=
mener驱赶动物]
amend v.修正;订正 [ME<OF amender
ult.<L emendare EMEND]
amendment n.改正;修正 [amends赔偿,补偿]
amenity n.适意;礼仪 [amen-ity=pleasant]
amiable a.和蔼可亲的;悦人的 [强调人自身具备的性格和蔼
=lovable]
amicable a.友善的 [LL amicabilis<amicus
friend]
amid prep.在其中;在其间 [ME amidde(s)<OE
on ON + MID]
amigo n.朋友 [amiga 女性朋友]
amiss a.错;有毛病的 [ME prob<ON mis
so as to miss<on + mis rel to MISS]
amity n.和好;和睦 [ami=amicus朋友+ty]
amnesia n.健忘症 [amnesty 大赦]
amnesty n.大赦 [F amnestie or L<Gk
amnestia oblivion]
amoral a.非道德的;不属道德的 [a+MORAL immoral不道德的,淫荡的]
amorist n.好色之徒;爱情小说作者 [L amor or
F amour + -IST]
amorous a.易动情的;情爱的 [AMOR爱+our]
amorphous a.无定型的 [metamorphose变形]
amortization n.分期偿还 [immortal不朽的]
amphibian a.水陆两栖的 [amphi两者,两侧,周围+bian]
amphitheater n.圆形剧场 [amphi周围+THEATER剧场]
ample a.充足的 [ampl=amplus大,多+e amble散步
amplify放大]
amplify v.扩大 [AMPLE+fy amplitude广阔,丰富]
amplitude n.广阔;振幅 [ampli=AMPLE+tude]
amputate v.切断;剪切 [amputee截肢者]
amuck ad.疯狂地
amulet n.护身符 [amu-let]
anabolism n.同化作用 [Gk anabole ascent(ANA-,
ballo throw)]
anachronism n.时代错误 [chronicle编年史]
analgesic a.止痛的 [nostalgia怀旧]
analogous a.类似的 [prologue序言]
anarchy n.无政府状态;混乱 [anarchic无政府的]
anathema n.诅咒;讨厌的人或物 [ecclL, = excommunicated
person, excommunication,<Gk anathema thing devoted,(later)accursed]
[thing,<anatithemi set up]
anatomy n.解剖;解剖学 [ana+tomy]
ancestor n.祖先;先驱者 [ANTE-, cedere
cess- go]
anchorite n.隐士;隐居修道的 [ancho 铁锚 rite
仪式]
ancillary a.辅助的;附属的 [<ancilla女仆]
anecdote n.逸话;轶事
[AN-, ekdotos<ekdidomi publish)
anecdotage 逸话(集);(戏)(好谈往事的)老年(与dotage (老耋) 接合而 带谐虐意味)
anemia n.贫血 [anemic 贫血的;衰弱的,无精打采的]
anesthetic n.麻醉剂 [anesthetize 麻醉;使麻痹
aesthetic美学]
angle n.角;见地;观点;钓鱼 [an acute (obtuse)
~ 锐(钝)角 take the ~ 测量角度 He looked at the problem
only from his own ~.]
anguish n.极大痛苦 [angu痛苦+ish anguished很痛苦的
ANGER]
animadvert v.批评;责备 [L animadvertere<animus
mind + advertere (AD-, vertere vers- turn) animadversion批评;非难]
animalcule n.微生物 [anim气息,心,生命 animism万物有灵论]
animated a.活生生的 [anim生命+ated magnanimous大度的
animation活泼,卡通]
animosity n.仇恨 [anim生命 +osity]
animus n.恶意;意图 [L, = spirit, mind]
ankle n.脚脖子;踝 [ME<ON ankul-(unrecorded)<Gmc:
rel to ANGLE]
annals n.纪年表;历史记载 [自annus而来,意为年]
anneal v.锻炼(金属、玻璃等) [an表趋向+ne+al火]
annex v.附加 [an表趋向+nex捆绑]
annihilate v.消灭 [nehilism虚无]
annotate v.注解 [annotation注解 connotation内涵]
annoyance n.烦恼;为难的事
annual a.一年的;每年的,一年生的 [ME<OF
annuel<LL annualis<L annalis< annus year]
annuity n.年金;养老金 [annui=annuus年+ty
ANNUAL annuitant领受养老金者]
annul v.废止;宣告无效 [ME<OF anuller<LL
annullare(AD-, nullus none)]
anomalous a.反常的;不规则的 [anomaly 反常]
anon ad.不久;立刻 [<OE on an into
one,记an-on或anonymous; anonymous的缩写]
anonymous a.无名的;匿名的 [anomymity无名,匿名
synonym同义字 antonym反义词]
antagonism n.敌对 [ANTAGONIST敌手,对手]
antecedence n.居先;在前 [recede 后退]
antedate v.在信上写上较早日期 [ante- {字首}表示"前的"之意]
antediluvian a.原始的;大水前的 [ante+diluvi=diluvium=
DELUGE洪水+an]
antenna n.触角;天线 [拉丁 = sail-yard]
anterior a.较早的;以前的 [ante-rior anteriority
居先;在前]
anthem n.圣歌;赞美歌 [national anthem]
anthology n.诗集;文选 [anthesis开花期]
anthropoid a.似人类的;似猿的 [anthropo人,人类+id似
misanthrope厌世者]
anthropology n.人类学 [anthropophagous
吃人的]
anthropomorphic a.神人同形的 [anthropo+morph+ic
anthropomorphous 有人形的,有人性的]
Unit 3
antibiotic n.抗生素;抗菌的 [<F antibiotique;
ANTI-,GK biotikos适合于生命的 <bios生命]
antibody n.抗体 [anti-BODY]
antic a.古怪的;笨拙的 [antics滑稽的动作 ANTIQUE古董
attic阁楼]
anticipate v.预期;期待 [anticipatory预期的
precipitate加速;沉淀]
anticlimax n.令人泄气的转变 [anti-climax]
antidote n.解毒药 [DOTE老年痴呆 DOSE药剂
overdose药剂过量]
antielectron n.反电子;正电子
antigen n.抗原 [ANTIBODY, -GEN]
antipathy n.憎恶 [<GK antipathes
憎恶; ANTI-, pathos -eos 感情]
antipodal a.正相反的 [anti+podal]
antiquated a.陈旧的;过时的 [<ANTIQUE
antiquity古老,高龄]
antique a.古代的 [F antique or L antiquus,
anticus former, ancient<ante before]
antiques n.古董
antiquity n.古旧;古代;古代的人 [< L antiquitas
-tatis<antiquus: ANTIQUE]
antiseptic n.消毒剂;防腐剂 [septic 有菌的,感染的]
antisocial a.厌恶社交的 [anti-SOCIAL]
antithesis n.相反;对照;对偶 [Gk antitithemi
set against (ANTI-, tithemi place)]
antonym n.反义词 [ANTI-, SYNONYM]
anvil n.铁砧 [OE anfilte etc]
apathetic a.冷淡的 [APATHY, after PATHETIC
可怜的;悲惨的;无价值的]
apathy n.冷淡;漠不关心 [F apathie<apathes
without feeling<a- not+pathos suffering]
aperitif n.开胃酒 [F aperitif<medL
aperitivus<L aperire to
aperture n.孔;开口 [APERITIF开胃酒]
apex n.顶点;最高点 [a+ peak顶峰]
aphorism n.格言;警语 [adage格言 maxim公理,格言]
apiary n.养蜂场;蜂房 [aviary养鸟场 apiculture养蜂业]
apiculture n.养蜂 [L apis bee, after
AGRICULTURE]
apiece ad.每人;每个 [cost ten cents
~ 每个一角 A + PIECE]
aplomb n.沉着 [a+plomb 坠垂直线的铅锤 PLUMMET]
apocalyptic a.启示的;天启的 [APOCALYPSE启示,启示录
apogee远地点 ME<OF ult<Gk apokalupsis<apokalupto
uncover, reveal]
apocryphal a.真伪可疑的;作者不明的 [apo远+cryph隐藏+al
apocrypha伪经 cryptic隐藏的,秘密的 apocrypha 旁经;伪经]
apogee n.远地点;最高点 [apo远+gee地球 peri-gee近地点
geo-logy地质学 geo=gee]
apologize v.道歉 [apo-log-ize apologetic道歉的;歉意的]
apologue n.寓言 [F apologue <Gk
apologos story(APO-, logos discourse)]
apolune n.远月点 [(月卫轨道最远点;反perilune)
APO-+L luna moon, after apogee]
apostate n.背教者;脱党者 [APOSTASY叛教,脱党]
apothecary n.药剂师 [apothec= apotheke储藏间+ary]
apothegm n.格言 [apo+the+gm]
apotheosis n.神圣的理想;神化之物 [ap+theos神+is
theology神学 deify神化]
appall v.使惊骇 [appallling可怕的]
apparatus n.器具;器官;组织 [L <apparare
apparat- make ready for]
apparel n.精制的衣服 [appar+el;apparent明显的]
apparition n.幽灵 [ME<F apparition
or<L apparitio attendance(APPEAR)]
appeal v.恳请;呼吁 [ME<OF apel, apeler<L
appellare to address]
appease v.抚慰;使平静 [ME<AF apeser,
OF apaisier<a to+pais PEACE]
appellate a.控诉的;上诉的 [L appellatus(APPEAL,
-ATE) appellant n.上诉人;a.控诉的]
appellation n.称号;名称 [ME<OF<L
appellatio -onis(APPEAL, -ATION)]
append v.附加 [L appendere hang appendage
附加物]
appetence n.欲望;性欲;本能 [F appetence
or L appetentia <appetere seek after]
appetite n.胃口;食欲 [appetizing开胃的]
applicable a.生效的;适合的 [APPLY]
apposite a.适当的 [L appositus pp.
of apponere(AD-, ponere put)]
appraise v.鉴定 [APPRIZE by assim
to PRAISE]
appreciable a.明显的;重要的 [perceptible感觉到的
appreciative 感谢的;赞赏的]
apprehend v.理解;逮捕;忧惧 [prehensile能抓住的apprehensive
焦虑的;悟性好的]
apprehension n.挂念;忧虑;逮补 [APPREHEND,
-ION]
apprise v.通知 [F appris -ise pp.
of apprendre learn, teach(APPREHEND)]
approachable a.可靠近的;随和的 [reproach指责
reapproach再接近 reproachable应受责备的]
approbation n.许可;承认 [APPROBATE通过;许可;称赞;
-ATION]
appropriate v.拨款;盗用;恰当的 [LL appropriatus
pp. of appropriare(AD-, proprius own)]
approximate v.近似;近似的 [AD-, proximus
very near]
appurtenance n.(土地上)附属物 [APPERTAIN
附属,关系,适合, -ANCE]
apron n.围裙 [ME naperon etc<OF
dimin of nape table-cloth<L mappa: for loss of
n cf ADDER 加者,计算者 = adding] [machine]
apropos ad.恰好地 [F propos<to+propos
PURPOSE 目的;计划;意图]
aptitude n.才能;性向 [F<LL aptitudo
-inis(APT, -TUDE)apt易于;恰当的]
aquaplane n.滑水板;滑水板游戏 [<L aqua
水 + PLANE]
aquarelle n.水彩画;水彩画法 [<Ita. acquarella=
water-colour 水彩; <L aqua 水]
aquatic a.水生的;水中的 [aqueous 水的]
aqueduct n.高驾渠;渡槽 [L aquae ductus
conduit<aqua water + ducere duct- to lead]
aquiline a.钩状的;似鹰的 [L aquilinus<aquila
eagle]
arabesque a.阿拉伯式的 [F<It arabesco<arabo
Arab]
arable a.适于耕种的;可开垦的 [F arable or
L arabilis<arare to plough 耕地,田;北斗七星]
arbiter n.仲裁人 [arbitrator公断人]
arbitrary a.武断的 [L arbitrarius or
F arbitraire(ARBITER, -ARY)arbitrate仲裁,公断]
arbitrator n.仲裁人;审判者 [ARBITRATION仲裁,公断,
arbitrate 仲裁 L arbitrari judge]
arboreal a.树的;木本的 [L arboreus arboretum
植物园]
arcade n.骑楼 [F<Prov arcada or
It arcata<Rmc: rel to ARCH]
arcane a.神秘的;秘密的 [F arcane or L
arcanus<arcere shut up<arca chest]
archaeology n.考古学 [<Gk arkhaiologia
ancient history(ARCHAEAN, -LOGY)]
archaic a.古代的;已不通用的 [F archaique<Gk
arkhaikos(ARCHAEAN)]
archetype n.原形 [L archetypum<Gk
arkhetupon(ARCH-, tupos stamp)]
archipelago n.列岛 [It arcipelago<Gk
arkhi- chief+pelagos sea(orig = the Aegean Sea)]
archives n.档案;档案保存处
ardent a.热心的;热烈的 [ardor 的形容词 an
~ patriot 满腔热忱的爱国者]
ardor n.热心 [<L."热(度)")with
~ 热心地]
arduous a.费力的;艰巨的 [L arduus steep,
difficult]
arena n.竞技场 [L(h)arena sand, sand-strewn
place of combat]
argonaut n.冒险家;投机者;叛徒 [(希腊神话)亚哥号上的人员(与Jason同乘亚哥号(the
Argo)船前往科基斯(Colchis)寻找金羊毛(the] [Golden Fleece)之一行人)]
argot n.暗语 [argosy 大商船;大商船队]
arid a.干燥的;干燥无味的 [F aride or L aridus
<arere be dry aridly 贫瘠地]
aright ad.正;正确地
aristocrat n.贵族 [<F aristocrate
ARISTOCRATIC贵族政治的;主张贵族统治的]
arithmetic n.算术;算术的 [<Gk arithmetike(tekhne)art
of counting<arithmos number]
ark n.方舟;笨重难看的船 [OE <L arca chest]
armada n.舰队 [arm=ARMY+ada舰队]
armament n.军备;武器;装备 [ARM, -MENT]
armistice n.休战;停战 [truce 停战;休止;中止]
armory n.武器制造厂;室内教练场 [armor plate
(军舰、战车等的)装甲板]
aroma n.芳香;气派,风格 [L<Gk aroma
-atos spice]
aromatic a.芳香的 [(AROMA, -IC)aroma芳香,气派,风格
L <Gk aroma -atos spice]
arraign v.提讯;控告 [ME<AF (ult AD-,
L ratio -onis reason, discourse)]
arrant a.极端的;完全的 [ME, var of ERRANT]
array v.排列 [ME<AF araier, OF
areer ult<a Gmc root, = prepare]
arrears n.债;欠债 [AD-, retro backwards:
arrear(<L."在后")(工作、付款)延误]
arrest v.阻止;遏止 [~ the spread of
the fire 阻止火势的蔓延 arrestant 制虫剂]
arrogance n.自大;傲慢 [arrogant自大的;傲慢的]
arrogate v.冒称;霸占 [L arrogare arrogat-(AD-,
rogare ask)]
arson n.非法纵火;放火 [arsonist纵火犯ardent热情的ars=ard
;ars艺术arse屁股;闲荡]
articulate v.清楚说话;接合 [L articulatus(ARTICLE,
-ATE)]
artifacts n.史前古器物 [artificer 技师;工匠
artificial不自然的,虚假的]
artifice n.策略;诡计 [<ars artis
art, -ficium making<facere make artifact手工艺品]
artisan n.工匠 [F<It artigiano,
ult<L artitus pp. of artire instruct in the arts]
artless a.粗俗的;自然的
ascend v.上升;攀爬 [ascendancy统治者,支配力量
ascent上升 descend下降]
ascendant a.上升的;优越的
ascertain v.确定 [ME<OF acertener,
stem acertain-<to+CERTAIN]
ascetic a.苦行的 [<asketes monk<askeo
exercise asceticism 禁欲主义,苦行生活]
ascribe v.归于 [ME<L ascribere(AD-,
scribere script- write)]
aseptic a.无菌的 [anti-sept-ic抗菌药]
ashen a.灰色的
asinine a.愚鲁的 [asin= asinus驴子ASS+ine]
askance ad.斜视地
askew ad.斜地 [A+SKEW歪曲,歪斜,弯曲]
aslope a.ad.成斜坡;倾斜 asp n.毒蛇;埃及产眼镜蛇
[ME <OF aspe or L aspis <Gk n.= aspen 白杨;似白杨的;颤抖的]
aspen n.白杨;白杨似的;摇晃的 [earlier name
asp + -EN forming adj. taken as noun asp毒蛇]
asperity n.粗暴;艰苦 [ME<OF asperite
or L asperitas<asper rough prosperity繁荣]
asperse v.诽谤 [(AD-, spargere sprinkle)aspersion中伤;(天主教)洒水]
aspirant n.热望者 [F aspirant or<L
aspirant- (PIRE(<L."对呼气")渴望,一心]
aspiration n.抱负 [ME<OF aspiration
ASPIRATE把发成h音;抽出(液体或气体)]
aspire v.热望,怀大志,切望 [ME<F aspirer
or L aspirare< ad to + spirare breathe]
asquint a.ad.斜视;斜的 [ME perh. <Du.
schuinte slant]
assail v.攻击 [AD-, salire salt- leap]
assassin n.刺客 [F assassin or <med.L
assassinus <Arab. hassas hashish-eater]
assault n.突然袭击;猛袭 [as+sault=sail]
assay v.分析;试验 [ME<OF assaier,
assai, var of essayer, essai;ESSAY]
assemble v.聚集 [<L ad to+simul
together. assemblage 集合;集合物]
assent v.同意;赞成 [ME<OF asenter,
as(s)ente ult<L assentari(ad to, sentire think)]
assert v.断言;主张 [assertive 言语果敢的;断言的
assertion 主张;断言,确言]
assess v.估定;定...额;评价;估价 [~ a tax
at 10 pounds; ~ a statement at its true worth]
asset n.财产;可取之处 [as-set]
asseverate v.断言 [L asseverare(AD-,
severus serious)]
assiduous a.勤勉的 [L assiduus(SESS)assidulity勤勉,励精]
assimilate v.吸收 [ME<L assimilare(AD-,
similis like)]
assize n.裁判;法定价格 [ME <OF as(s)ise,
fem. pp. of aseeir sit at, <ASSESS]
assonance n.类音;类韵;母韵 [AD-, sonus
sound]
assort v.分类;配齐;相交 [OF assorter <a
to + sorte SORT. assorted 组合的,各色俱备的]
assuage v.平息;减轻 [ME<OF as(s)ouagier
ult<L suavis sweet; unassuaged 未缓和的]
assumption n.担任;假设 [ME<OF asompsion
or L assumptio(SUME, -ION)]
assure v.确告 [assured自信的assurance自信;保证
reassure使安心]
astir a.ad.骚动;活动;兴奋 [A + STIR n.骚动；传播；流行]
astound v.使...大吃一惊,惊愕 [obs. astound
(adj.) = astoned pp. of obs. astone: ASTONISH]
astral a.星的;多星的 [LL astralis<astrum
star]
astray a.迷路的;误入歧途的 [a+STRAY走离]
Unit 4
astringent a.收敛性的;止血的 [stringent
严格的;严厉的]
astrolabe n.星盘
astrology n.占星学 [ASTRO-, -LOGY]
astute a.机敏的;狡猾的 [obs F astut or
L astutus<astus craft]
asunder ad.散开;碎散;分别 [OE on sundran
into pieces: cf SUNDER分为二,分开,切开]
asylum n.收容所;避难所 [ME<Gk asulon
refuge<a- not + sulon right of seizure捕捉,扣押]
asymmetric a.不均匀的;不对称的
atheistic a.无神论者的 [atheism无神论]
athirst a.渴;渴望 [OE ofthyrst for
ofthyrsted pp. of ofthyrstan be thirsty]
athlete n.比赛者,运动家;强壮的人 [L athleta<Gk
athletes< athleo contend for a prize (athlon)]
athletics n.pl.运动 [athlete运动员]
athwart ad.横穿过去;不顺利地 [A+THWART(<古北欧语"横过")妨碍,反对,使挫折]
atlas n.地图集 [L<Gk Atlas -antos
a Titan who held up the pillars of the universe,
whose picture appeared at the beginning] of [early
atlases]
atomy n.微小之物;原子;矮人 [ANATOMY剖析;解剖学;骨骸
taken as an atomy]
atonal a.无调的
atone v.补偿;赎罪 [back-form<ATONEMENT
赎罪 at one + -MENT, after medL adunamentum and earlier
onement<obs] [one(v)unite]
atrocious a.凶暴的;残酷的 [L atrox -ocis
cruel atrocity暴行]
atrophy v.使衰退;使萎缩 [F atrophie or
LL atrophia<Gk<a- not+trophe food]
attach v.附上,贴上;使属于 [ME<OF estachier
fasten<Gmc: in Law sense thr. OF atachier]
attachment n.附着;依恋;逮捕;扣押 [ME<F
attachement<attacher(ATTACH, -MENT)]
attainment n.成就;造诣;学识
attentive a.注意周到的;倾听的 [ME<F<attente,
OF atente, fem pp. of atendre ATTEND]
attenuate v.使变细;使弱 [AD-, tenuis
thin]
attest v.证明;证实 [AD-, testis witness]
attic n.阁楼 [F attique, as ATTIC古怪的:
orig a small order above a taller one]
attire n.服装;盛装;打扮 [ME<OF atir(i)er
equip<a tire in order]
attorney n.代理人;律师 [ME<OF atorne
pp. of atorner assign<to+torner turn]
attribute n.品性 [<L attribuere
attribut-(AD-, tribuere assign)]
attrition n.摩擦;磨损 [ME<LL attritio<atterere
attrit- rub]
attune v.使合拍调;使调和 [AT-+TUNE]
atypical a.非典型的;不正常的
auction v.n.拍卖;拍卖人 [L auctio increase,
auction<augere auct- increase]
audacious a.大胆的;目中无人的 [L audax -acis
bold<audere dare audacity胆识;大胆;无耻]
audible a.听得见的,可听见的 [LL audibilis<
audire hear. audibility 听得见,可听性]
audience n.听众;观众 [<audire hear]
audit n.检查(项目) [ME<audire audit-
hear audition听觉;试听(歌手等)]
auditorium n.听众席,观众席;大讲堂 [L neut.
of auditorius (adj.): AUDITORY, -ORIUM]
augment v.增加 [ME<OF augment(n),
<L augere increase]
augury n.占兆 [ME<OF augurie or
L augurium<AUGUR]
august a.堂堂的;威风凛凛的 [F auguste or
L augustus consecrated, venerable]
aural a.耳的;听觉的 [L auris ear auricular耳的;听觉的;耳语的]
aureate a.金色的;灿烂的 [ME<LL aureatus<L
aureus golden<aurum gold]
aureole n.光环 [ME<L aureola(corona),
= golden(crown), fem of aureolus]
auroral a.北极光的 [AURORA 极光;夜晚女神]
auscultation n.听诊 [L auscultatio<auscultare
listen to]
auspice n.前兆;赞助;资助 [under the ~s
of the company = under the company orig 'observation
of bird-flight in divination':<auspex] [observer
avis bird. auspicate 开张;开幕式]
auspicious a.幸运的 [(auspice 的形容词)an
~ sign 吉兆 auspicial 占卜的;幸运的]
austere a.苛刻的 [ME<OF<Gk austeros
severe austerity严格,朴素;节约生活]
austral a.南方的;向南的 [ME<L australis<Auster
south wind]
authentic a.可信的,确实的,真正的 [ME<OF
autentique<Gk authentikos principal, genuine]
authenticate v.证实;鉴定;使生效 [medL authenticare:
AUTHENTIC确实的,可信的]
authoritative a.权威的;可靠的 [authorization
授权;委任;认可,授权书]
authorize v.授权;委任;认为正当 [e<auctor:
AUTHOR authoritative权威的authorization授权]
autocrat n.独裁者 [AUTO-, kratos power
autocracy独裁政治]
autodidact n.自学者 [AUTO- + didact
as DIDACTIC]
automatism n.自动;自动作用 [<automate
AUTOMATON自动机械装置;机器人(robot)]
automaton n.自动机器;机器人 [L, neut of
automatos acting of itself: AUTO- automatism自动]
autonomous a.自主的 [AUTONOMY自制,自制团体
auto自己+nomous法律]
autopsy n.验尸 [F autopsie or modL
autopsia<Gk<autoptes eye-witness]
autotelic a.自己本身具有目的的 [AUTO- + Gk
telos end]
auxiliary n.a.帮助者;辅助的 [L auxiliarius<auxilium
help]
avail v.利益;效用 [ME <obs. vail
(v.) <OF valoir be worth <L valere]
avalanche n.雪崩;涌至 [F, alt of dial
lavanche after avaler descend]
avarice n.贪婪 [ME<OF<L avaritia<avarus
greedy avaricious贪婪的]
avatar n.神之化身;具体化 [Skr avatara descent<va
down+tr- pass over]
avenge v.报仇;复仇 [<L vindicare
vindicate(<L."要求")证明<某人>无辜或清白]
aver v.断言 [ME<OF averer(AD-,
L verus true) averment 断言,主张;申辩]
averse a.不愿意的;反对的 [L aversus(AVERT)aversion嫌恶,反感;讨厌的人]
avert v.避开;掉开 [ME<L avertere(AB-,
vertere vers- turn): partly<OF avertir<Rmc]
aviary n.鸟的小屋;禽舍 [avi鸟+ary场所 aviatrix女飞行员
avian 鸟类的]
aviate v.用飞机飞行 [back-form. <AVIATION]
aviculture n.养鸟;鸟类饲养 [L avis bird,
after AGRICULTURE]
avid a.贪婪的;渴望的 [F avide or L avidus<avere
crave]
avocation n.副业;嗜好 [L avocatio<avocare
call away]
avouch v.保证;确说 [ME<OF avochier<L
advocare(AD-, vocare call)]
avow v.公开承认 [ME<OF avouer acknowledge(AD-,
vocare call) avowal声明,承认]
avuncular a.如叔(伯)父的 [L avunculus
maternal uncle, dimin of avus grandfather]
await v.等待;准备作...之用 [AD-, waitier
WAIT]
awe n.敬畏 [ME age<ON agi<Gmc
awe-inspiring令人起敬畏心(恐怖心)的]
awhile ad.暂时;暂且 [OE ane hwile a
while]
awning n.雨篷;凉篷 [awning window 遮蓬窗
awn(麦等之)芒(beard)]
awry ad.歪;斜;错误地 [ME<A+WRY(一时)不高兴的;皱眉的;讽刺的]
axiom n.定理 [<axios worthy axiomatic公理的;格言的]
axiomatic a.公理的;通则的 [axiom(数学逻辑)公理
axiom of choice (数)选择公理]
axle n.轮轴;轴;车轴 [axle-tree<ME
axel-tre<ON]
azure a.天青色的 [ME<OF asur, azur,
<Arab al the+lazaward]
babble v.唠叨 [ME<MLG babbelen,
or imit]
baccalaureate n.学士学位;告别训辞 [<L
baccalaureatus <baccalaureus bachelor]
bacchanalian a.饮酒狂欢的 [<Bacchus
god of wine bacchant酒徒Bacchae酒神Bacchus女伴]
backbite v.背后诽谤 [backbiting 诽谤;背后造谣中伤]
backlog n.积压订货;蓄积;预备 [backblocks人烟稀少的backboard篮板
backbreaker 艰苦的工作,]
bacteria n.pl.细菌;传染菌
badge n.v.徽章;标记;象徵
badger v.獾;困扰;小贩 [<BADGE徽章;标记,
with ref to its white forehead mark ] [badger game美人计
Badger State (the ~)美国威斯康辛州别称]
badinage n.嘲弄;揶揄;开玩笑 [F<badiner
to joke]
baffle v.使迷惑;阻挠 [F bafouer ridicule,
OF beffer mock baffling阻碍的;使困惑]
bail n.保释金;担保
bait n.v.饵;小憩;置饵于 [ME<ON beita
hunt or chase badger baiting 耍獾的游戏]
bald a.无毛的;单调的 [ME ballede, orig
'having a white blaze', ball- 'white patch']
bale v.灾难;不幸
balk v.中止;阻碍
ballad n.民谣;歌谣 [ME<OF balade<Prov
balada dancing-song<balar to dance]
ballast n.压载物;压仓物 [16th c:<LG
or Scand, of uncert orig]
ballerina n.芭蕾舞女 [It, fem of ballerino
dancing-master<ballare dance<LL: BALL]
ballot n.投票用小球;投票
[(<Ita."小球 (ball)"因从前表示赞成时把小白球投入投票箱,反对时则投小黑球)
cast a ~ (for (against) ┅)] 投票)
balmy a.温和的;芳香的 [BALM香油,镇定剂,安慰,芳香]
bamboozle v.欺骗;愚弄;使迷惑 [the Bamboo
Curtain竹幕(中国大陆与西方世界在政治和意识形态上不同所形成的障碍;尤其 194]9[至1976年间)]
ban v.n.禁令;法规;逐出教门 [OE bannan summon
<Gmc]
banal a.平凡的;陈腐的 ['compulsory', 'common
to all',<F<ban(BAN)banality平凡,陈腐]
bandage n.绷带;蒙眼用布;包扎
bandanna n.大手帕 [prob Port<Hindi]
bandbox n.装帽纸盒;薄板盒
bandit n.强盗,盗贼,土匪;歹徒 [It. bandito
(pl. -iti), pp. of bandire ban: BANISH驱逐]
bane n.毒;危害;毁灭(的原因) [Gambling was
the ~ of his life. 赌博是他的致命伤.]
baneful a.有害的 [BANE毒,危害;毁灭(的原因)]
banish v.放逐;驱逐出境;忘忧 [ME<OE banir
ult<Gmc]
banister n.栏杆小柱 [同baluster balustrade有小柱(baluster)的栏干bap小型卷式面包]
bankrupt n.a.v.破产;使破产 [BANK, L rumpere
rupt- break]
banner n.v.旗;标志;大标题
banter n.嘲弄
baptism n.洗礼 [<ecclGk baptismos<baptizo
BAPTIZE施行洗礼;取名]
barb n.倒钩;刺人的话 [ME<OF barbe<L
barba beard barbed有刺的]
barbaric a.未开化的,野蛮作风的 [<L barbaricus<barbaros
foreign]
barbarous a.野蛮的;异国语的 [orig of any
foreign language or people:<Gk barbaros foreign
babarity蛮行,残忍,粗野]
barbecue n.v.烤肉架;烤肉野餐 [Sp barbacoa<Haitian
barbac wooden frame on posts]
barcarole n.船夫歌 [威尼斯运河平底舟(gondola)船歌
Barcelona 巴塞隆纳]
barge n.v.舢板;运输;蹒跚 [ME<OF perh<medL
barica<Gk baris Egyptian boat]
bark v.吼叫;咳嗽;剥树皮 [同BARQUE ME<F
prob<Prov barca<L barca ship's boat]
barley n.大麦 [OE b lic(adj)<bere
barley]
barm n.啤酒泡 [OE beorma barmy 充满酵母的;起泡沫的;笨的]
barn n.谷仓;巴安(断面单位) [perh<phrase
'as big as a barn']
barometer n.气压计;晴雨表
baron n.男爵;大王 [ME<AF barun, OF
baron<medL baro, -onis man]
baroque a.过分装饰的;俗丽的 [F(orig = 'irregular
pearl')<Port barroco]
barque n.咆哮;多桅帆船;树皮 [<L barca
ship's boat(<L."小船"→embark出航,搭乘;投入,从事]
barrack n.兵房;大而简陋建筑;驻扎 [app. <BORAK]
barrage n.弹雨;掩护炮火 [F<barrer(BAR)]
barren a.n.不妊的;不毛之地 [ME<AF barai(g)ne,
OF barhaine etc]
barricade n.障碍物 [F<barrique cask<Sp
barrica, rel to BARREL大桶;许多]
barrier n.栅栏;关卡;障碍 [ME<AF barrere,
OF barriere]
barring prep.除...以外 [barrio (西班牙、波多黎各)地方行政区域;大城市之郊区]
barrister n.律师 [16th c:<BAR,
perh after minister]
barrow n.手推车 [OE beorg<Gmc]
barter n.易货交易 [OF barater: BARRATOR使船主遭受损失的船长或船员;诉讼教唆犯;买卖圣职或官位者]
basal a.基础的;根本的
bash v.怒殴;猛烈的一击 [bang, smash, dash]
bashful a.害羞的;内向的 [obs bash(v),
= ABASH]
bask v.取暖;曝日;沐浴于 [BATHE ABASK在阳光中,炉火旁(取暖)The
old man was lying ~ in the sun]
bastard n.a.非嫡子;可怜的;异常的 [ME <OF
<med.L bastardus, perh. <bastum pack-saddle]
baste v.殴打;公开责骂;涂油脂 [假缝,稀疏地缝布,衣服等;为防止烤焦在烤肉上涂调味酱]
bastille n.城堡;牢狱;巴斯蒂监狱 [bastir build:
the fortress and prison in Paris, destroyed in 1789]
bastion n.城堡;设防地区 [F<It bastione<bastire
build]
batch n.一炉(面包等);一组 [ME<OE b'cce<bacan
BAKE]
bate v.压制;减弱 [BAIT = state of baited
person]
Unit 5
bathos n.比小法;平凡而陈腐风格 [Gk, = depth]
baton n.警棒;指挥棒;接力棒 [F b on, baston
ult<LL bastum stick]
bats a.神经不正常的;怪异的 [<phr. (have)
bats in the belfry: BAT]
batten v.长肥 [ON batna get better<bati
advantage]
batter v.n.以物易物;交换
battery n.殴打 [F batterie<batre,
battre strike<L battuere]
battlement n.城墙牒口 [battlemented
有城垛的]
bauble n.美丽而无价值的装饰物 [ME<OF babel
child's toy]
bawd n.淫话;鸨母;妓女 [ME <OF baudetrot,
baudestroyt procuress bawdy 淫秽的]
bawl v.n.大叫;叫卖;叫骂 [medL baulare
bark, Icel baula]
bayou n.海湾;支流;河口 [Amer. F: c<Choctau
bayuk]
bazaar n.市场;杂货市集;义卖 [Pers bazar,
prob through Turk and It]
beacon n.v.信号塔;警告;照明引导 [OE beacn<WG]
beam n.v.杆;光线;放射;微笑 [OE beam tree<WG]
beat n.a.脉博;独家报导;疲倦的 [OE beatan<Gmc]
beatific a.祝福的 [F beatifique or
L beatificus<beatus blessed]
beatitude n.至上的幸福;至福 [F beatitude
or L beatitudo<beatus blessed]
beaver n.海狸;礼帽;下巴胡子 [work like a
beaver勤奋地工作 eager beaver 勤奋的人]
bedeck v.装饰 [DECK (~ oneself)打扮,修饰<out>(用)装饰<out>(with);甲板]
bedizen v.俗丽地穿著或装饰 [BE-+obs dizen
deck out]
bedlam n.疯狂行为;精神病院 [hospital of
St Mary of Bethlehem in London]
bedraggle v.全身湿透;把衣服拖脏 [BE-+DRAGGLE(在泥中等)拖而弄脏;拖曳;下摆拖地]
beefy a.健壮的;结实的 [BEEF 牛肉;(人的)肌肉;身体的胖瘦,体重]
beet n.甜菜 [OE bete<L beta, perh
of Celt orig]
beetle n.甲虫;木槌
befall v.发生;产生;降临 [BE-, feallan
FALL) Evil befell him. 灾难临到他头上]
beget v.引起;产生 [OE begietan, formed
as BE-+GET = procreate生育,生殖;产生]
begrudge v.羡慕;嫉妒 [GRUDGE]
beguile v.欺骗;诱骗 [BE-+obs guile to
deceive beguiling欺骗的;消遣的]
behold v.看;(命令式)看呀 [BE-, haldan
hold) lo and ~ 你瞧瞧 beholder n.目睹者]
beholden a.蒙恩的;负有义务的 [pp.(obs except
in this use)of ())BEHOLD看; 看呀, = bound]
behoove v.理应;有益于 [HOOVE(兽医)鼓胀症 hoover
用吸尘器扫除]
belabor v.重打;辱骂
belated a.误期的 [pp. of obs belate
delay(BE-, LATE)]
beleaguer v.围攻 [camp round (BE-,
leger a camp) beleaguered 面临很多困难]
belie v.掩饰 [OE beleogan(BE-, leogan
LIE)]
belittle v.轻视
belle n.美女;绝世美女 [F <L bella fem.
of bellus beautiful]
bellicose a.好战的;好争吵的 [ME<L bellicosus<bellum
war]
belligerent a.交战的 [L belligerare
wage war<bellum war+gerere wage]
bellow v.吼叫声;咆哮 [ME: perh. rel.
to BELL]
belly n.腹;胃;食欲;鼓胀 [OE belig (orig.
= bag) <Gmc]
belongings n.pl.财产;附属物;家眷
bemoan v.悲叹 [BE-+MOAN 牢骚,悲叹,哀悼]
benediction n.祝福;恩赐 [ME<OF<L
benedictio -onis<benedicere -dict- bless]
benefactor n.施主;捐助人 [ME<LL(BENEFIT)]
beneficial a.有益的;有利的;慈善的 [BENEFICE
圣俸(在英国国教为vicar或rector之收入)]
beneficiary n.受益人 [L beneficiarius(BENEFICE)]
benevolent a.慈善的;和蔼可亲的 [<L bene
volens -entis well wishing benevolence仁爱;慈善]
benighted a.蒙昧的;被黑暗笼罩的 [obs benight
使陷入黑暗;使愚昧;使无知]
benign a.亲切的;良好的 [ME<OF benigne<bene
well+- genus born benignity亲切,仁慈]
benison n.祝福 [ME<OF benein<L
benedictio -onis]
benumb v.使麻痹;使昏迷不醒 [BE-, niman take]
bequeath v.遗赠;留传 [OE becwethan(BE-,
cwethan say: cf QUOTH)bequest遗赠;遗产]
bequest n.遗赠;遗赠物 [ME<BE- + obs
quiste<OE -cwiss, cwide saying]
berate v.痛骂 [BE-+RATE严斥,斥责,骂 严斥(人),谩骂(at)]
bereave v.夺取 [OE bereafian(BE-,
REAVE掠夺;劫夺;窃夺]
bereft a.被剥夺的 [pp. of BEREAVE]
berserk a.疯狂的 [<bern- BEAR+serkr
coat; go ~ 发狂send a person ~ 使人狂暴]
berth n.v.睡床;停泊处;停泊 [< BEAR 开花;结实(<OE
"搬运")生儿女;具有,带有 +TH]
beseech v.恳求;哀恳 [ME<BE-+secan
SEEK]
beset v.包围 [OE besettan<Gmc]
besiege v.围 [ME<assiege by substitution
of BE-,<OF asegier<Rmc]
besmear v.涂;搽脏 [BE-, SMEAR)]
besmirch v.污;糟蹋 [BE-+ SMIRCH 弄脏;玷污;污点]
besom n.扫把 [OE besema]
bespeak v.指出 [OE bisprecan(BE-,
SPEAK)]
bestial a.残忍的;野蛮的 [ME<OF<LL
bestialis<bestia beast]
bestow v.赠与;利用 [ME<BE-+OE stow
a place]
bestride v.跨骑 [OE bestridan]
betimes ad.早;及时;不久;有时 [ME<obs
betime(BY, TIME)]
betoken v.表示 [OE(BE-, tacnian signify:
TOKEN记号;证据(of);纪念品]
betray v.背叛;出卖;泄露 [ME<obs tray,
ult<L tradere hand over]
betroth v.订婚 [ME<trouthe, TRUTH,
later assim to TROTH真实,誓言;婚约]
beverage n.饮料 [ME<OF bevrage,
ult<L bibere drink]
bevy n.一群鸟;一群人
beware v.注意;小心;警戒 [Beware of pickpockets.
谨防扒手 BE + WARE小心;器具;货物]
bewilder v.使为难,使不知所措 [BE- + obs.
wilder lose one's way]
bewitch v.迷惑;陶醉 [OE wiccian enchant<wicca
WITCH 女巫;迷人的女人;狐狸精]
bias n.n.斜线;成见,心里的倾向
bibliography n.文献学;参考书目 [bibliographie<modL
bibliographia<Gk(BIBLE, -GRAPHY)]
bibliophile n.珍爱藏书者;藏书家 [F bibliophile(BIBLIO-,
-PHILE)]
bibulous a.好饮水的;吸水的 [L bibulus freely
drinking<bibere drink]
bicameral a.两院制的 [BI-+L camera chamber]
bicker v.n.插嘴;潺潺流;闪烁 [ME biker,
beker]
bide v.居住;留;等待;忍受 [OE bidan <Gmc
~one's time 等待机会]
biennial a.两年一次的 [L biennis(BI-,
annus year)]
bifurcate a.分为两部分 [medL bifurcare<L
bifurcus two-forked(BI-, furca fork)]
bigotry n.顽固 [BIGOT 顽固者,乖僻的人]
bilateral a.两边的;左右对称的
bile n.胆汁;不开心;脾气 [F<L bilis biliary
胆汁的;输送胆汁的]
bilge n.船底;船底的污垢 [prob var of BULGE(<L."袋")鼓起,凸出<out>]
bilingual a.能说两种语言的 [L bilinguis(BI-,
lingua tongue)]
bilious a.患胆病的;坏脾气的 [L biliosus<bilis
bile]
bilk v.欺骗;挫折;使人失望 [perh = BALK:
(17th c) = spoil one's opponent's score]
billingsgate n.下流话
bin n.储藏箱;收入收藏室 [OE bin(n), binne]
binary a.二进位的;二元的 [LL binarius <bini
two together]
binge n.狂闹 [prob orig dial, = soak浸泡(在液体中)吸收,浴于(阳光)中]
bionomics n.生态学 [BIO- after ECONOMICS]
biopsy n.活体检查法 [F biopsie<Gk
bios life+opsis sight, after necropsy验尸]
biosphere n.生物圈 [BIO-, SPHERE(<G."球")球;天体;(活动、知识等)范围,领域]
biped n.两足动物 [L bipes -edis(BI-,
pes pedis foot)]
bisect v.分为两断;(数)平分 [BI- + L secare
sect- cut]
bison n.北美野牛;欧洲野牛 [ME <L <Gmc
同aurochs)]
bit n.片刻;小钱币;十二分半 [~s of glass玻璃碎片a
~ of hope一点希望on the bit使马快奔]
bitch n.母狗;妓女;婊子
bivouac n.v.野营;露营地 [F, prob. <Swiss
G Beiwacht additional guard at night]
bizarre a.古怪的 [F, = handsome, brave,<Sp
& Port bizarro<Basque bizarra beard]
blab v.多嘴的人
blackmail n.勒索 [BLACK+obs mail rent,
OE mal<ON m l agreement]
blade n.叶;刃;扁平的部份;荡子
blanch v.使变白 [ME<OF blanchir<blanc
white, BLANK空白的;空虚的;完全的]
bland a.温柔的;殷勤的 [L blandus soft,
smooth]
blandish v.逢迎 [<L blandus soft,
smooth. blandishment n.奉承,逢迎 Despite his ~s, the
young lady rejected his] [companionship.]
blare v.响声 [ME<MDu blaren, bleren,
imit]
blarney n.恭维话 [Blarney, an Irish
castle near Cork with a stone said to confer a cajoling
tongue on whoever kisses it]
blase a.厌烦于享乐或人生的
blasphemy n.骂神;冒渎;不敬;咒骂 [ME<OF
blasfemie<ecclL<Gk blasphemia slander, blasphemy
blasphemous 不敬神的 blaspheme 亵渎];[ 说不恭敬的话
blatant a.喧哗的;炫耀的 [a word used by
Spenser(1596), perh after Sc blatand = bleating
bleat 咩地叫;抱怨地说]
blazon v.宣布;用纹章装饰 [ME<OF blason
shield;verb also<BLAZE 传播;火焰;烈火地狱]
bleach v.n.漂白 [bleachers 露天座位]
bleak a.寒冷的;荒凉的 [ME prob<ON bleikja,
OHG bleicha<Gmc]
bleed v.流血;流出树液;榨钱 [OE bledan <Gmc]
blemish n.v.伤;污点;缺点;损伤 [ME<OF
ble(s)mir(-ISH)make pale, prob of Gmc orig]
blench v.退缩;变白;使变白 [ME<OE blencan,
ult<Gmc]
blend v.混杂;混合
[~ mayonnaise with other ingredients把蛋黄酱与其他材料混合
The colors of the rainbow ~ into one anothe]r虹的色彩交融调和
bless v.神圣化;祈福 [OE bloedsian, <blod
blood(hence mark with blood, consecrate)]
blight n.v.障害;阴影;枯凋;挫折 [blighted毁灭的;受虫害的]
blink v.闪烁 [partly var of blenk
= BLENCH, partly<MDu blinken shine]
bliss n.极乐;极大幸福;喜悦 [OE bliths, bliss
<blithiz BLITHE: sense infl. by BLESS]
blithe a.快乐的;无忧无虑的
blitz n.v.闪击战;以闪击战攻击 [abbr of BLITZKRIEG(<德语)=
blitz]
blizzard n.大风雪;突发事件 [US 'violent
blow'(1829), 'snowstorm'(1859)]
bloat v.n.熏制;膨胀;自负 [obs. bloat swollen,
soft and wet, perh. <ON blautr soaked, flabby]
bloated a.发胀的;傲慢的 [a ~ face 浮肿的脸
~ with (from) overeating 因吃得太多而浮胖 a ~ politician
自大的政客 He is ~ with] [pride 他狂妄自大]
blockade n.v.封锁;堵塞;堵塞 [BLOCK+-ADE,
prob after ambuscade= ambush]
blond a.金发男人 [ME <F <med.L
blondus, blundus yellow, perh. of Gmc orig.]
bloom n.花,开花;鲜美;红润 [OE bloma]
blossom n.花;群花;开花期,花季 [OE blostm(a)
prob. formed as BLOOM]
blot n.v.污痕;弱点;抹脏;吸干 [ME prob. <Scand.:
c<Icel. blettr spot, stain]
blotch n.v.污点;斑点;弄脏 [17th c:<plotch
and BLOT(墨水)污渍 blotchy满是疙瘩的]
bloted a.肿胀的
blotto a.烂醉的 [20th c: perh<BLOT]
blouse n.罩衫
blowhard n.吹牛大家
bludgeon n.v.棍棒;强迫;胁迫;恫吓 [~ a person
to death 把某人打死 ~ a person into going along 强迫某人同行]
blueprint n.蓝图;设计图
bluestocking n.女学者;醉心文学的女人 [from
the (less formal) blue stockings worn by one man
at a literary society meeting c.1750]
bluff v.虚张声势
blunder v.犯错误 [ME prob<Scand:
cf MSw blundra shut the eyes]
blunt a.钝的;粗卤的;生硬的 [blunge 混合(泥土与水等);参水拌]
blur v.使乌黑;变模糊 [16th c: perh rel
to BLEAR<眼睛>花的;朦胧的,模糊不清的]
blurt v.滑口说出 [In his anger he ~ed
out the secret 他在生气之下脱口说出了秘密]
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